2. silenced an international report on censorship and control of the Internet

3. An international collaboration On-the-ground reports Over 40 countries

4. Internet censorship Who is trying to control the Internet? What are they trying to control? How are they trying to control it?

5. How? 1.Legal 2.Technical 3.Practical

6. How? 1.Legal –legislation, lawsuits, contracts, EULAs 2.Technical DRM, filters, blocking 3.Practical access costs, search and seizure

7. Main trends in Africa Digital divide issues Anti-terrorism legislation Telecoms monopolies ISPs monitoring and interception Self-censorship

8. Telecoms monopolies –VOIP, VSAT ‘illegal’ use –Shutting down the internet backbone –Over-charging –Confiscating equipment –Making VOIP illegal –Silencing critics

11. Report available at www.privacyinternational.org Heather Ford fordh@pdm.wits.ac.za