1. Bell Ringer - 11/29 & 11/30
The Scientific Revolution was a new way of thinking about the ___________ __________ based on careful ___________ and a willingness to ____________ old beliefs.
Old View = ________________ Universe
Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo were all working on the ___________ theory.
Who discovered the Law of Gravity?

2. The Enlightenment

3. The Enlightenment
Explain what the Enlightenment was and its affect on the world.
Describe a Salon and the roots of the Enlightenment.
Define the concept of Natural Law.
Identify the beliefs and works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Jean Jacques Rousseau.
Match Enlightenment thinkers to documents they influenced.

4. The Enlightenment
The word enlightenment refers to a change in outlook among many educated Europeans that began during the 1600s.
Applied reason to the human world to solve real life problems.
Sound familiar?
Many Enlightenment thinkers were inspired by scientists from the Scientific Revolution
Galileo
Newton
The methods of the scientists were overturning old beliefs, so thinkers wanted to take a similar approach to solve the problems of human life.
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment thinkers wanted to apply the same ideas of observation and reason to human life.
Renaissance/Reformation
Humanists questioned accepted beliefs.
Protestants questioned church beliefs.
Classical Ideas
Rome’s republic
Reason over Authority
Questioned the basis of religion, morality, and government.

5. Enlightenment Impacts
Stimulated religious tolerance
Encouraged democratic revolutions around the world

6. Salons
In France, thinkers gathered in informal meetings called “Salons”.
Salons were a place to exchange and debate ideas.
Women participated too!
Wanted to break with the past and examine human life.
This led to progress in government and society.

7. No, not this kind of SALON!

8. Natural Law
Enlightenment thinkers had many questions about Natural Law.
Natural Law = The concept that there is a universal order built into nature that can guide moral thinking.

9. Natural Law or Scientific Law?
People are happiest when they are free.
The best governments are ones that listen to the people.
The earth revolves around the sun.
People are by nature greedy and selfish and need to be controlled.
What goes up, must come down.

10. Thomas Hobbes Leviathan
People are bad by nature & cannot be trusted to make decisions for themselves.
The state must have central authority to manage behavior. . .
What kind of government do you think Hobbes have supported?
Leviathan

11. John Locke “What is the purpose of government?”
To protect people’s natural rights – life, liberty and property.
Government only exists with the consent of the governed
If government is not doing its job, it should be overthrown
Two Treatises on Government

12. Baron de Montesquieu Believed in the separation of powers idea
Checks and Balances between the branches of government
The Spirit of Laws
Whose government did he inspire?

13. Voltaire Believed in the freedom of speech Religious toleration
Separation of church and state
“Candide”
What part of our Constitution did he inspire?

14. Rousseau
Government is NOT there for the glory of God, but because there are obligations between the government and its people.
Government is a contract between rulers and the people.
The Social Contract was first published in Amsterdam… He would have
gotten in trouble if he had published it in France…
The Social Contract

15. Who Said It? (or would have said it)
With a partner, your job is to match each quote with who would have said it. Some of the quotes are real, others are things that could have been said. You will use some of the names more than once.

16. Movie Clip The History of the U.S. Government
Chapter 3: Influences on American Government 

17. Enlightenment Worksheet
Match thinker, ideas and book.
Identify their influences
Complete the Bumper Sticker as homework, if necessary
Turn in your completed worksheet for a grade!