1. Caesar’s English
Lesson 13

2. stem meaning examples Bene good benefit, benediction, benefactor
Son sound sonorous, dissonance, sonnet
Nov new novice, nova, innovation
Sangui blood sanguine, sanguinary, consanguinity
Cogn know cognizance, incognito, cognoscenti

3. BENE means good
A benefit is a good thing to receive, a benediction is a blessing, and a benefactor is a person who does a good thing!

4. SON means sound
Sonorous describes a full, loud sound; dissonance is a clashing, harsh sound, and a sonnet is a beautiful-sounding fourteen-line poem!

5. NOV means new.
A novice is a beginner, a nova is a new star, and an innovation is a new idea!

6. SANGUI means blood.
Sanguine means cheerful, (with rosy, blood-filled cheeks!), sanguinary means bloody, and consanguinity means realated by blood.

7. COGN means know.
Cognizance is knowing, incognito means in disguise so unknown, and the cognoscenti are the people who are said to know best!

8. Caesar’s Analogy NOVICE : PERSON :: nova : star beginner : expert
new : old
child : adult

10. Caesar’s Analogy NOVICE : PERSON :: nova : star beginner : expert
new : old
child : adult

11. Cognizance
The word cognizance, (cog-nih-zance), from the Latin cognoscere, is a noun and contains the Latin stem cogn (know). It refers to the condition of awareness, of knowing.
It can also be in the adjective form, cognizant. Martin Luther King once wrote: “I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states.”

12. Caesar’s Spanish Stem meaning English/Spanish
bene good benediction/bendicion
son sound sonorous/sonoro
Nov new novice/novicio
sangui blood sangine/sanguineo
cogn know cognizance/cognicion