2. is the political belief that one ruler should hold all the power in a country. Thomas Hobbes believed in a people give up their rights to a strong ruler who gives them law and order.

3. is the political belief that people can govern themselves. John Locke believed that people were born with (God given rights) life, liberty and the right to property. He believed that government’s job was to protect these rights.

4. Signed by King Charles of England in. Limited the King’s power in 4 ways: 1. He would not imprison subjects without due cause. 2. He would not levy taxes without Parliament’s consent. 3. He would not house soldiers in private homes. 4. He would not impose martial law in peacetime.

5. King Charles signed the Petition of Rights, but he it. The Petition started the idea that the was higher than the king.

6. William and Mary agreed to accept Parliament as their partner in ruling. They signed the English Bill of Rights. They accepted on their rights. This set up a a government where laws limit the ruler’s power.

7. No of Parliament’s laws. No levying of without a specific grant from Parliament. No interfering with freedom of in Parliament. No penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about

8. The United States still uses some ideas developed in England during this time. – prevents persons from being held in jail without being charged. – guarantees basic freedoms and rights Strong Legislature and strong executive that check and balance each other – made up of heads of executive departments Two major political parties

9. _____1. What are “only the conditions of civil association” according to Rousseau? A. Lawsb. Citizens c. Freedom _____2. What did Rousseau regard as unimportant for a republic? A. the citizens b. The form of administrationc. the types of laws _____3. According to Montesquieu, the right to do whatever the laws permit is called what? A. Citizenship b. Liberty c. Republic _____4. Montesquieu believed that laws ensure what? A. Freedom b. Libertyc. Security _____5. Rousseau believed that laws protect what? a. Freedomb. Libertyc. Security _____6. What did both men believe in? A. Fair and just lawsb. Abusive leadersc. The right of anarchy and mob rule _____7. Who did Rousseau feel should be the author of the laws? A. The people b. The leadersc. The king _____8. According to Montesquieu, if a person did what the laws do not permit what would he lose? A. Power b. Freedomc. Liberty _____9. According to both men, what is needed? A. Justiceb. Societyc. Laws _____10. According to Montesquieu, what do laws ensure? a. Citizenshipb. Societyc. Security

10. _____1. Who believed that Freedom of Thought and expression were important? a. Lockeb. Montesquieuc. Voltaire _____2. Whose work caused European monarchs to reduce persecution a. Voltaireb. Beccariac. Wollstonecraft _____3. Based on this chart, which woman had the biggest impact as a thinker? a. Wollstonecraftb. Beccaria c. Voltaire _____4. Whose ideas were fundamental to the US Declaration of Independence? a. Lockeb. Montesquieuec. Voltaire _____5. What idea is led to the development of women’s rights groups in Europe and North America? a. Religious Freedomb. Wollstonecraftc. Women’s equality _____6. Which thinkers did not have an impact on the US? a. None of them had an impact b. They all had an impact _____7. Whose idea led to the outlaw or reduce of torture in the Europe and America? a. Beccaria b. Wollstonecraftc. Voltaire _____8. Montesquieu’s ideas did not affect which country? a. United Statesb. Francec. China

11. 1. Draw a line down the middle of your paper. On the top of the Left side write the word “ENGLAND” on the top of the Right side write the word “AMERICA”. 2. Under ENGLAND write the word “English Bill of Rights.” Under this section list the 6 things that this did for England. 3. Under AMERICA write the “Bill of Rights.” Under this section list the 2 things our Bill of Rights gives us. 4. Under ENGLAND write the word “Petition of Rights.” Under this section list the 4 ways this limited the King’s power. 5. Under AMERICA write the word “Effects.” Under this section list the 5 ways England has effected America. Draw pictures and decorate your poster – be creative. Creativity is worth 10 points!

12. The Enlightenment Period brought a great rise in the number of intellectuals in Europe. More specifically, these intellectuals came primarily from France and were called philosophes. This rise in philosophers in France was primarily because French was the international language for the educated classes during the time, and education was found to be extremely rich when taught by French tutors. France was the international hub for philosophy and enlightenment and that is the reason why so many great people came out of the country. Some of these examples include the Montesquieu (Separation of Powers), Voltaire (Strong Monarch) and many others such as Madame du Chatelet. All these philosophers were very important in the development of new theories and the vast spread of the enlightenment, as their theories are what helped create the new beliefs that encouraged this new way of thinking. _____1. What does the word philosophe mean? a. An intellectual b. An intellectual who came from France c. A person from France _____2. Why was French an important language? a. It was the international language for the educated b. It was spoken by everyone c. It was taught to the poor citizens _____3. Who believed in the idea of “separation of powers”? a. Chatelet b. Voltairec. Montesquieu _____4. Why are the philosophes in the passage very important? a. Their theories helped create new beliefs that encouraged a new way of thinking b. Their ideas were so different no one would listen to them c. Only a few people could understand their ideas _____5. Why did so many great people come from France? a. Because it was the center of philosophy and enlightenment b. Because it was a nice place to grow up c. Because everyone was able to go to the best schools for free