1. Quoting the Work of Others Avoid Plagiarism at All Costs ~ Paraphrase, Summarize, and Document! Most information in this power point is taken from http://owl.english.purdue.edu and modified by Kristen Jacksa for instructional purposes in her middle school classroom.http://owl.english.purdue.edu

2. Quoting Others Using the words of others can be tricky business. You typically only want to use a direct quotation in the following situations: if you’re using that statement as a piece of evidence for your own argument, if you’re establishing another’s position, or if another person has said something better and more clearly than you can. The main problem with using quotations happens when writers assume that the meaning of the quotation is obvious. Writers who make this mistake believe that their job is done when they’ve chosen a quotation and inserted it into their text. Quotations need to be taken from their original context and integrated fully into their new textual surroundings. (owl.english.purdue.edu)

3. Every quotation needs to have your own words appear in the same sentence. Here are some easy to use templates* for doing this type of introduction:  Templates for Introducing Quotations:  X states, “__________.”  As the world-famous scholar X explains it, “________.”  As claimed by X, “______.”  In her article _______, X suggests that “_________.”  In X’s perspective, “___________.”  X concurs when she notes, “_______.”  You may have noticed that when the word “that” is used, the comma frequently becomes unnecessary. This is because the word “that” integrates the quotation with the main clause of your sentence (instead of creating an independent and dependent clause). (owl.english.purdue.edu)

4. Elaborate on meaning... Now that you’ve successfully integrated quoted material in your sentence, here are some templates for explaining the way in which quotations develop your argument: Templates for Explaining Quotations:  In arguing this claim, X argues that __________.  In other words, X asserts __________.  X is insisting that _________.  What X really means is that ____________.  The basis of X’s argument is that ___________. (owl.english.purdue.edu) INTRODUCE QUOTE ELABORATE

5. Formal Analysis of Literature, Poetry, and Nonfiction: INTRODUCE, QUOTE, ELABORATE! Templates for integrating passages that develop literary arguments:  This passage illustrates ______________.  The author clearly indicates ________________.  This quotation shows ______________________.  Based on this information, the author’s message is implied:_____________________________.  As noted in the passage, ______________________.  It is clear that ____________________________.  For these reasons, ____________________________.

6. Summarizing the text...  Must reference the originalsource.  The text is much shorter than theoriginal text. (For example, onemay write a single page tosummarize a four-page article.)  Must use your own words, usuallywith a very limited use ofquotations. (owl.english.purdue.edu)

7. Paraphrasing the text...  Must reference the originalsource  The text produced may beshorter or longer than theoriginal text  Must use your own words  Must maintain the originalmeaning of the text (owl.english.purdue.edu)

8. Quoting the text...  Must reference the original source  Text is the exact length of the original textquoted (unless ellipses are used).  Original author’s exact words  Quotation marks surround the originalauthor’s exact words  Includes the page number of the originalsource from which you borrowed theauthor’s original language (owl.english.purdue.edu)

9. Basic MLA format for In-Text Citations: Literary Analysis of Single Text “It was Sunday, December 17, 1933, a cold and drizzly day, when B. Virdot’s plan began to take shape” (Gup 3). Open Quotation Marks Closed Quotation Marks Open Parenthesis Author’s Name Page # End Punctuation Close Parenthesis Gup, Ted. A Secret Gift. The Penguin Press: New York, 2010.

10. The only time that you have punctuation prior to the quotation marks is if the sentence ends in an exclamation point or a question mark. You will still have a period after the parenthetical citation. See below. “Prohibition had ended two weeks earlier, but who could afford a drink?” (Gup 7). “But who was this B. Virdot?” (Gup 11).