1. Dental Systems

2. Dental Operating System with Headpieces  Used in the restoration of teeth and treatment of gum disease  The most common application is the removal of decay and filling of teeth, and the subsequent cleaning and polishing

3. The Major Components of the Dental Operating System Overview  Chair  Control (delivery) System  Handpieces  Dental Exam Light

4. Dental Chair  Positions the patients so the dentist can comfortably see inside the mouth  Provides comfort to the patient  It is electronically controlled and hydraulically powered  The chair is the base of the whole system and everything mounts to it  Control (delivery) system  Light

5. Dental Chair (Continued)  An electric motor drives the hydraulic pumps which enables the back of the chair to tilt and the base of the chair to lift  These movements are controlled by switches located on the Touchpads  Also most all models use foot controls to provide protection from infection

6. Control (Delivery) System  Provides the basic utilities required for dental treatment including:  Water  Compressed air  Electricity  Vacuum

7. Control System  It may also include:  Handpiece controls  Foot controls  Bracket tray  Tubing flush system  Multi-syringes  Cuspidor  Suction apparatus

8. Water System  Water is introduced to the dental unit via the floor utility center  It has an open and close valve for the water along with a pre-regulator valve  The water system affects the operation of the 3-way syringe, cuspidor, cup filler, and handpiece water spray

9. Air System  Modern dental units employ an air system to run the various air-driven dental handpieces  Because of the noise level and for safety reasons, this system is located outside the patient treatment area.  A large central air compressor provides the compressed air

10. Air System (Continued)  Most handpieces operate on air pressure in the 20 to 80 PSI range, with a specific pressure recommended for each handpiece  Most units have a control system located on the bracket tray where the air pressure can be adjusted

11. Electrical System  Provides power to indicator lights and solenoid valves for handpiece operation  Also provides for warm air and/or warm water Applications  Delivery system Fiber Optic Lights  Dental Exam Lights

12. Vacuum System  Generally, the central vacuum system provides suction to numerous dental units  The vacuum is connected to the dental unit with hoses and oral evacuation equipment such as  high volume evacuation (HVE) and saliva ejectors  The dental technicians draw clean clear water through the HVE and saliva ejector to clean any debris after each patient  After rinsing with water, they draw air through the system to clear all water from the hoses

13. Vacuum System (Continued)  The HVE is used to remove the water spray from the handpieces and multisyringe from the patient’s mouth  The saliva ejector is used when the dentist wants to keep the treatment site very dry  This suction is only good for the removal of small amounts of liquid, such as saliva

14. Handpieces and the Handpiece Control System  There are three types of handpieces:  High speed handpiece (drill)  Low speed handpiece (drill)  Multi-syringe (air, water, and mist)  High and Low Speed Handpieces are powered by air driven turbines

15.  Used for fine work  Body is thin and will attach directly to the handpiece hose  The turbine is located in the head of the handpiece  Needs 32 PSI of air to work correctly High Speed Handpiece

16.  Used for polishing and coarse drilling  Body most often will be segmented into 3 or 4 parts  The pneumatic motor is usually a separate part  Needs 40 PSI of air to work correctly Low Speed Handpiece

17.  Delivers air, water, or an air/water mix (fine mist)  Used for rinsing, drying and blowing away debris in the oral cavity Multisyringe Handpiece

18. Handpiece Control System  Automatically delivers the drive air and coolant to whichever handpiece is lifted from its holder  The control system has two main components: handpieces and foot control valve  Most handpiece controls are located on the bracket tray, the tray can usually accommodate up to three handpieces  The water flow and drive pressures are individually adjustable for each handpiece

19. Handpiece Control System (Continued)  Most units use international color symbols for the identification of utilities: A blue dot identifies a water control A yellow dot identifies an air control A red dot identifies the ON or activated position  Master on/off toggle  Turns on the air and water to the control system  When it is off, the items on the unit will not function

20. Handpiece Control System (Continued)  Wet/Dry Toggle  Turns on the flow of coolant water to all the handpiece control blocks  Adjustment of water flow to each handpiece is made with the individual handpiece coolant water flow control knobs  Coolant Air Flow Control Knob  Adjusts the coolant air flow to all handpieces and can completely shut off the coolant air flow

21. Handpiece Control System (Continued)  Drive Air Pressure Control  Adjusts the drive air pressure to each handpiece with an adjustment screw for each individual handpiece  Syringe Flow Control  Adjusts the air and water flow from the multisyringe  Generally, there are two adjustment screws to control the flow—one for air and one for water

22. Handpiece Control System (Continued)  Automatic Handpiece Holder  Shuts off air and water to the handpiece when it is in its holder  When the handpiece is lifted from the holder, the valve inside the holder allows drive air and water to reach the handpiece, via the control block

23. Bracket Tray  Mounted on an arm  Adjustable height  Automatic Brake

24. Handpiece Control System  All high speed and low speed handpieces are operated by the Dentist through the use of a foot control valve  A valve inside the foot control regulates the handpiece speed and provides an air signal that activates the coolant air and water flow

25. Handpiece Control System (Continued)  The wet/dry toggle allows coolant water flow to the handpiece to be shut off without moving the hands from the oral cavity  When activated, the chip blower removes debris from the treatment site by sending a jet of air through the handpiece when it is not running

26. Dental Exam Lights  Illuminates the patient’s mouth  It may be a ceiling track-mounted light or mounted to the dental chair  The light consists of four major assemblies: the transformer, rigid arm assembly, flex arm assembly, and the light head assembly

27. Dental Exam Lights (Continued)

28.  The light is activated by the on/off switch located behind the light head assembly  The intensity switch, located on the transformer housing, sets the light intensity to low, medium or high

29. Dental Exam Lights (Continued)  The flexible arm is counterbalanced to the weight of the light head and can be adjusted  If the light head moves too easily, or drifts, the spring tension in the flexible arm needs to be Tightened  If the light head is difficult to move, the spring tension needs to be loosened