1. Status FEE-DAQ Walter F.J. Müller, GSI, Darmstadt for the CBM Collaboration 11 th CBM Collaboration Meeting 29 February 2008

2. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 2 FEE-DAQ: Getting ready for detector R&D

3. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 3 FEE-DAQ for Detector R&D The work horse for CBM detector R&D will be the n- XYTER  128 channel chip, designed for Silicon Strip & GEM  self-triggered architecture   use for STS, GEM, MAPMT detector R&D Needed  n-XYTER  Frond-end Board with an n-XYTER (aka FEB)  Read-out controller (aka ROC) Data  Acquisition System handling time stamped data  Active Buffer board (aka ABB)  time synchronization over a serial optical link Target  Beam time September 26-29

4. 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting, GSI, Feb. 26th 2008 Tests on n-XYTER  64/128 chan. connected  I²C-Interface  Test points accessible  All functional tests possible  Analogue evaluation possible One additional analogue test channel available for direct access of slow and fast shaper outputs... with output buffer would have been even more useful Slide: C.Schmidtn-XYTER

5. 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting, GSI, Feb. 26th 2008 In-Channel Discriminator Feedback Detected...upon removal of discriminator-power decouppling Test Pulse circuit itself is cause of transient, not the external PCB! These issues are particularly important with the self triggered architecture!....correlates with peak detector reset! as well as the comparator Digital external TestTrigger input (blue) causes this transient. Signal shifts upon programmed delay. No oscillation but rather capacitive coupling. Not related to discriminator Vdd Slide: C.Schmidtn-XYTER

6. 29 February 20086 ASICs and Detector topbottom Heatsink Required! >90 *C ~50 *C Silicon detector 128-stripes AC-coupling 75 um pitch 1 cm length Several channels left floating CBM Collaboration Meeting 26.02.2008 Krzysztof Kasiński (AGH Cracow) cincian@o2.pl Slide: K. Kasinskin-XYTER

7. 29 February 20087 Strontium Sr90 first acquisition -37 hours of acquisition - ~37000 events-per-channel (total) - detector polarized by 135V - still too small statistic CBM Collaboration Meeting 26.02.2008 Krzysztof Kasiński (AGH Cracow) cincian@o2.pl Threshold [reg.value] Slide: K. Kasinskin-XYTER

8. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 8 Slide: R. Lalik general purpose FEB

9. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 9 Slide: R. Lalik general purpose FEB

10. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 10 Slide: R. Lalik general purpose FEB

11. 11 Basic Components and Interfaces  Xilinx Virtex4 FPGA  320 up to 576 user I/Os  LAN interfaces  SD-Card connector  LAN, USB, JTAG programming capability via CPLD  RS232 interface  High Speed Serial Ports (MGTs)  DDR SDRAM  user definable I/O  Watchdog Slide: D. GottschalkROC

12. 12 SysCore as N-XYTER Application Slide: D. GottschalkROC

13. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 13 Slide: N. AbelROC

14. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 14 n-XYTER Starter Kit 'Starter Kit' = 1 n-XYTER general purpose FEB + ROC Target: simple laboratory test bench setups  first gas detector tests (up to 128 channels)  MAPMT – RICH readout tests (64 channels)  first Si Strip detector tests Timelines  FEB layout done; fabrication + tests by mid April  ROC V1 done and tested  ROC V2 available in mid May  first Starter Kits by end May

15. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 15 Truly Basic n-XYTER Readout Chain Detector FEBROC XYTER ADC Tag data ADC data clock FPGA control PHY Eth Front-End Board Read-Out Controller Bond or cable connection 1 n-XYTER 128 ch. LVDS signal cable plain Ethernet any PC running Linux and ROOT The minimal n-XYTER Starter Kit Configuration No "DAQ" needed ROC  ROOT

16. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 16 Test Beams in 2008 – Dates, Objectives GSI, September 26-28, 2008: 3.5 GeV Protons  Get started with self-triggered FEE in a beam environment  First beam characterization of CiS STS sensors w/ n-XYTER cluster size vs. angle position resolution  First test of Hamamatsu MAPMT w/ n-XYTER MAPMT response for single electrons interfacing MAPMT to n-XYTER  ROC as target  SEU Mitigation tests for ROC  Gas detector tests (GEM, THGEM,.....)  RPC Tests w/ prototypes from Hefei IHEP, November 2008:  More detailed STS sensor tests

17. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 17 Basic STS Setup Use three CiS CBM01B2 Baby sensors with  2 x 256 strips, 50.7 μm pitch, double-sided, orthogonal strips  mounted on FEB with 4 n-XYTER  use two as reference  use one as 'detector under test' "DUT"  DUT will be tilted in x- and y- direction Key measurements:  position resolution  cluster size vs. particle angle Ref 1 Ref 2DUT beam

18. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 18 FEB for Beam Telescope Note: The CBM01B2 sensor setup will later be used as standard beam telescope in our beam line. It holds 4 n-XYTER, two on front, two on back side connects to two user ports of a ROC n-XYTER for y-strips on front side of FEB n-XYTER for x-strips on back side of FEB direct sensor to n-XYTER bonding no pitch adapter Baby Sensor

19. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 19 FEB Types – Current Status simple general purpose  128 channel (1 n-XYTER)  inputs in 'standard' connectors (which ones...)  robust (in a box, input protection) for Gas Detector Readout (general purpose)  512 channel (4 n-XYTER) for 'BabySensor' Beam Telescope (special purpose)  2*256 channels (4 n-XYTER) for 5x5 cm 2 sensor  use chip cable / TAB bonding... more to come... Rafal Lalik (GSI) M. Dey (VECC) Anton Lymanets & Rafal Lalik (GSI) V. Pugatch (Kiev) (Dubna/Kharkov)

20. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 20 "DAQ" Configuration Detector FEBROC PHY Eth Front-End Board Read-Out Controller Switch any PC running Linux and ROOT The "stretched" n-XYTER Starter Kit Configuration PHY Eth PHY Eth Auxilliary Signals Master ROC Slave ROC

21. DABCDABC D ata A cquisition B ackbone C ore http://wiki.gsi.de/DABC data input sorting tagging filter analysis data input sorting tagging filter analysis IB PC GE analysis archive PC GE: Gigabit Ethernet IB: InfiniBand frontend DataCombinerr frontend other frontend Readout scheduler DABC DABC design: functional overview  DABC data flow Slide: J. AdamczewskiDAQ

22. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 22 DAQ: Architecture revisited Di-Muon Trigger for J/Ψ and Ψ'

23. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 23 CBM Trigger Requirements measure: π, K measure: K, , , ,  measure: D 0, D ±, D s,  c measure: J/ ,  '  e + e - or μ + μ - measure: , ,   e + e - or μ + μ - measure: γ Hadrons Leptons Photons trigger<10 AGeV trigger trigger e + e - offline offline>10 AGeV offline ? offline for e + e - trigger for μ + μ - ? assume archive rate: few GB/sec 20 kevents/sec trigger on high p t e + - e - pair trigger on displaced vertex drives FEE/DAQ architecture trigger μ + μ - μ identification

24. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 24 CBM DAQ Architecture – Open Charm Detector FEE buffer Readout buffer Switch Processor farm Storage L1 trigger HLT conventional system CBM L1 Self-triggered Front-end all hits shipped to DAQ. Data push architecture High-throughput Event building First event selection done in processor farm. Readout buffer outside radiation area. Many Gbyte storage easily possible. Allows L1 decision times of 10-100 ms Fast links

25. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 25 CBM DAQ Architecture – Full picture Detector FEE buffer Readout buffer Switch Processor farm Storage CBM L1 Broadcast network Time base Time distribution system

26. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 26 CBM DAQ Architecture – Revisited Detector FEE buffer Readout buffer Switch Processor farm Storage CBM L1 Self-triggered Front-end all hits shipped to DAQ. Data push architecture High-throughput Event building First event selection done in processor farm. All Data goes through Event building Good solution if event selection needs most of the CBM data: open charm: STS+ITS+TOF However: Potentially too expensive for full dataflow at 10 7 int/sec

27. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 27 MUCH – J/Ψ and Ψ' L1 Event Selection Anna Kiseleva showed that a high mass di-muon event selection based in the formation of the last two detector groups seems feasible With 'thick-absorber' configuration the hit rate is modest even at 10 7 int/sec in last two station groups small subset This would allow to derive a L1 event selection decision from a small subset of the data  Reconsider DAQ structure

28. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 28 CBM DAQ Architecture – MUCH Detector FEE buffer Readout buffer Switch Processor farm Storage L1 CBM open charm CBM MUCH L2 Still all self-triggered Still all data send to readout buffer Only MUCH-end + TOF part of event build always Full event build only on L1 accept L1 Di-Muon L1 selection Time and L1 selection distribution network

29. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 29 CBM DAQ-Trigger Summary Open charm  Self-triggered FEE MUCH  two stage selective event building  smaller total bandwidth required  lower cost Practical implementation  design readout buffers for full output bandwidth  in first phase, use event building network with bandwidth sufficient for open charm (all detectors at 500 kHz) Di-Muon event selection (selective build at 10 MHz) Di-Electron event selection (selective build of TRD)  plan for an upgrade path to increase event builder bandwidth

30. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 30 FEE: Radiation Doses and Consequences

31. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 31 Gray – Mrad – Particle Fluence 1 Gy = 100 rad = 1 J/kg 1 J = 1 VAs = 1 CV → 1 eV = 1.6·10 -19 J dE/dx (mip,si) = 1.67 MeV/(g/cm 2 )[PDG] 1 mip/cm 2 ↔ 1.67 MeV/g = 2.67·10 -9 J/kg This leads to the often used relations : 1 Gy ↔ 3.75·10 9 mip/cm 2 10 krad ↔ 3.75·10 11 mip/cm 2 1 Mrad ↔ 3.75·10 13 mip/cm 2 1 Mrad ↔ 3.75·10 13 mip/cm 2

32. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 32 CBM-Year and CBM-Lifetime To estimate lifetime doses an operating scenario has to be assume. For CBM the current key numbers are: CBM-Year ↔ 5·10 6 sec at 100% duty cycle  Note: 1 yr = 3.156·10 7 sec  1 CBM-year ↔ 2 month at 100% duty cycle ↔ 4 month at 50% duty cycle CBM-Life ↔ 6 CBM-Year @ full intensity  CBM-Life ↔ 3·10 7 sec at 100% & full intensity full intensity ↔ 10 7 Au+Au interactions/sec CBM-Life ↔ 3 · 10 14 Au-Au min. bias interactions

33. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 33 Total Integrated Dose in CBM-Lifetime Reference system is Au+Au @ 25 A GeV central collisions Hit densities are given in hit/cm 2 per central Au-Au lower limit For an estimate of a lower limit of the TID  assume multiplicity (min. bias) = 0.25 · multiplicity (central)  assume particles are MIP hadrons 1 hit/cm 2 (cent) → 0.25 hit/cm 2 (min.bias) → 7.5·10 13 part/cm 2 over CBM-Life → 2 Mrad over CBM-Life rough lower limit estimates For rough lower limit estimates: 1 hit/cm 2 ↔ 2 Mrad in CBM-Life

34. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 34 Some Values Use hit densities form CBM Technical Status Report 2006 Update, Section 13.1 "Hit densities and Rates" Detectoredgehit/cm 2 part/cm 2 TID STS @ 30cminner107.5·10 14 20 Mrad outer 0.25 1.8·10 13 0.5 Mrad STS @ 1minner 17.5·10 13 2 Mrad outer 0.032.3·10 12 60 krad TRD @ 4minner 0.043.0·10 12 80 krad outer 0.002 1.5·10 11 4 krad TOF @ 10minner 0.017.5·10 11 20 krad outer 0.00065.0·10 10 1.2 krad STS @ 30 cm is now 1 st plane in 'all strips' configuration (the hit rate for STS@30 cm is scaled from the STS3 @ 20 cm plot of the CBM TSR) Hit rates in 1 st MUCH plane are similar to STS plane @ 1m

35. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 35 Consequences 2 C0TS COTS (Custom-0f-The-Shelf) components  many COTS components are known to fail at 20-100 krad  some fail, e.g. bipolar transistors, can fail at 1 krad and are sensitive to displacement damage, thus neutron flux very preliminary A very preliminary COTS usage policy:  TID < 1 krad: selected COTS equipment can be used e.g. crates, power supplies ect. qualification done on the equipment level  TID < 20 krad: qualified COTS components can be used qualification done on the component level This divides the Cave in 3 Zones. Examples  TOF perimeter (1.2 krad) → COTS equipment  TOF center (20 krad) → COTS components  STS whole assembly → no COTS possible

36. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 36 Cave Layout - Old Cave – Side View Magnet MUCH Beam dump Step in Floor, dividing cave in CBM and HADES sector No shielded area close to STS and MUCH

37. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 37 Cave Layout - New Cave – Side View No 'Step' anymore Shielded area for electronics ect. Extra Shielding

38. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 38 Cave Layout – First FLUKA Calculation Cave – Side View FLUKA by D. Bertini Simulation Session 26.2. 3*10 8

39. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 39 TID and COTS  SEU – Part 1 Assume COTS parts are used at 20 krad 'places'  20 krad ↔ 0.01 hit/cm 2 (cent) ↔ 2.5·10 4 part/(cm 2 ·s)[ @10 7 int/s ] SEU Typical SEU (Single Event Upset) cross section for SRAM cells: 3·10 -14 cm 2 /bit SBU Typical SEU is a SBU (Single Bit Upset) : one bit toggles 0 ↔ 1 Rate of SRAM SBU's  7.5·10 -10 SBU/(bit·s)  7.5·10 -4 SBU/(Mbit·s)  2.7 SBU/(Mbit·hour) 20 krad ↔ 2.5·10 4 part/(cm 2 · s) 20 krad ↔ 2.7 SBU/(Mbit · hour) !! This is a lower limit !! n contribution might be 10 times higher Note: Neutrons are likely to dominate ! !! This is a lower limit !! n contribution might be 10 times higher

40. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 40 TID and COTS  SEU – Part 2 The ALICE RCU (an FPGA board on the TPC) was designed for a flux of 400 hardons/cm 2 /sec  works only when SEU mitigation techniques are used  the board had to be completely redesign to implement this On the outer edge of TOF we have 1500 mips/cm 2 /sec   even in quite 'cold' spots we have significantly more flux than the ALICE RCU design point   likely all FPGA's used on detectors will need SEU mitigation measures  in many places no COTS possible anyway

41. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 41 Cave neutrons fluence DPM UrQmd FLUKA by D. BertiniSimulation Session 26.2. 3*10 11 No PSD included 3*10 11

42. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 42 MUCH: neutrons particles fluence FLUKA by D. BertiniSimulation Session 26.2. 10 13 10 12

43. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 43 STS Data Rates – MC Results Radek made a detailed study. The current 8 station STS with a total of  ~1.2 Mchannels,  9296 CBM-XYTER chips  586 modules (with mostly 2 * 8 chips) Note:  cluster size not yet included (  1 strip hit per particle) (ALICE SSD has an average cluster size of ~1.4)  effects due to non-perpendicular incidence also still ignored Following tables under the caveats listed above

44. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 44 STS Data Rates – Au+Au @ 25AGeV Hit rate [MHz] Sta 1Sta 2 Sta 3 Sta 4 Sta 5 Sta 6 Sta 7 Sta 8 Total 16-322316261619062105 8-163755506066645558431 4-8807510112584 6772692 2-4111138123891331411291571053 1-21091421621701762501611411275 0.5-112719374415421210256971 < 0.553130300282121 Chip count only for one of the two sides of the modules Properties of stations quite similar (module size tracks quite well the inverse hit density  hit/chip roughly equal) Hit rate per chip

45. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 45 STS Data Rates – # of Data Links 75% of the chips have < 4 MHz It is prudent to aggregate the data of several chips onto one data link before it is send of the module Hit rate [MHz] # modules # links 128-15016128 64-128126504 32-64188376 <32842 Hit rate per module Total hit rate: 32.6 GHz Net data rate: ~200 GByte/s Number links: 1850 Per station end (top/bot) we have about 120 data links  About 2000 'fast' links seems a reasonable estimate - Aggregation may be cleverer, links a little faster - Cluster size will be >1 and increase data volume  About 2000 'fast' links seems a reasonable estimate

46. 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI46 Readout. Preliminaries.  Use as few cables as possible → fill max. bandwidth  Must provide a concept to cope with different occupancies on different chips cabledata ratedistanceConnectorsdriver optical fiber>2.5Gbpsinfiniteclumsy or special Laser (clumsy), serializer coax>2Gbps>10msmallon chip, serializer CAT7 LVDS250Mbps10mclumsyon chip, clk & data Custom LVDS 100Mbpsfew m (?)smallon chip, clk & data Slide: P.Fischer

47. 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI47 Optical Serial Data Transmission  Assume we have it somewhere in the path for level shift  Components required: Protocol FSM 8B/10B Serializer LVDS/CML output Laser Driver Laser Diode Connector fiber Laser Package Chip1 Chip2 Mechanics digital analog difficult Provided by SFP package! available available (?) Slide: P.Fischer

48. 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI48 Readout 5: Integrated serializer, coax  No extra components needed on Hybrid  Receiver needed (?)  Cost of cables? FE Hybrid on detector Cavern Outside clock, epoch ??? ser FPGA drv. coax cable rec. Slide: P.Fischer

49. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 49 Radiation & FEE/DAQ – Summary Consolidate the FLUKA simulations  more verification, cross checks  include also PSD and ECAL Update CBM-Life definition (e and μ time) Create Radiation Map of Cave  define the 'no-COTS zones': COTS equipment (power supplies ect.)(~ 1 krad) COTS components (boards w/ qualified parts)(~20 krad) Strawman system design of all subsystems  decompose electronics in 'no-COTS' and 'COTS' section   what must/can be put on detector ?   what should be put in service area ?   Space required in service area ? Connections to detector

50. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 50 FEE: Getting ready for the real thing

51. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting - - Walter F.J. Müller, GSI51 The PADI together with a SC Diamond (4 pixels) detector PADI test PCB LVDS-PECL Converter PCB Interface PCB +5V,GND,THRconnections Time Output's LAN-K5 cable ~2.1m ~2.1mConnection's with with SC Diamond Pixel Detector Slide: M. Ciobanu RPC- PADI

52. EE- ASIC  DLL structure with 64 DE  160MHz clock input  Intrinsic bin size: ~ 50ps  Additional components: Hit-Reg, RO-Logic  1 Bit serial output  Size: 1525µm x 1525µm Testchip DANTE DLL 870µm 210µm Delay Chain Loop Filter Ref Clk Phase DetectorCharge Pump Chip submitted in Feb 2007 Slide: H. Flemming RPC- TDC

53. EE- ASIC DANTE DoubleBin DLL  Power consumption DLL (Sim.) I = 3 mA @1.8V => 5.4 mW  Power consumption DANTE (Mea.) I = 18 mA @1.8V => 32.4 mW  Resolution σ uc = 20.34 ps ± 0.15ps  DNL: (+ 0.34 / - 0.38) LSB  INL: (+ 0.51 / - 0.49) LSB Slide: H. Flemming RPC- TDC

54. 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI54 Connecting DC coupled chips. (1/N possibilities) more analog digital DAQ more analog digital level shift HV decoupling HV power supply digital supply analog supply Hybrid on detector CavernOutside refer single ended signal to which ground here? feedback & leakage compensation analog supply Slide: P.FischerCBM-XYTER

55. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 55 FEE – Next Steps – Summary Reassess FEE requirements. Get FEE Strawman design for  ECAL and PSD  all considered detector technologies for MUCH  for TRD (MWPC based) Do 'family planning' for CBM-XYTER  it is not a single 'omni-purpose' chip for all of CBM and FAIR   one targeted for STS and GEM high channel density (128 ch), possibly 'TimeOverThreshold' design with limited amplitude resolution.   one targeted for TRD (MWPC) more flexible front-end (variable gain, shaping,...),tail cancelation channel density might be lower (e.g. 64 channels)  all share backend (data links ect.)

56. 29 February 2008 11th CBM Collaboration Meeting -- Walter F.J. Müller, GSI 56 The End Thanks for your attention