1. Crossing the Longest Yard: Eight Strategies for Creating Knowledge from a Glut of Data Dr. David L. Hall School of Information Sciences and Technology The Pennsylvania State University Sonya A. H. McMullen Teach Reach Inc.

2. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen The Evolving Problem Assessing and digesting enormous quantities of data Developing an accurate threat or situation assessment Decision making Assessing the result

3. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen Multitude of Data Sources National SIGINT Assets Tactical SIGINT Assets: –Aircraft –Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) –Ground-based Sensors Nano and Micro-scale sensors –Smart Dust HUMINT Open Source

4. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen Traditional View of Processing Intelligence Data

5. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen Glut of Data “Problem” Lots of data in multiple forms: –COMINT –SIGINT –IMINT –HUMINT Data is not housed in a single repository or data base Not enough analysts Collaboration limitations

6. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen Proposed Solutions More: –Pattern Recognition –Machine Learning Methods –Advanced Filtering –Data Mining

7. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen Proposed Solution Fallacies It is just a matter of “finding the needle in the haystack” Knowledge creation involves human collaboration Knowledge is inherently a human product The approach starts at the “wrong end”

8. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen Strategies for Resolving the Knowledge Creation Problem Increase the bandwidth: Make computer displays larger Fly-by-wire: Use gaming techniques to “physically” access data Use multiple senses: Vision + hearing + haptic

9. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen Gaming Concept for Data

10. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen Strategies for Resolving the Knowledge Creation Problem Conserve analyst attention: –Deliberate synesthesia – Transforming data from one sensory domain to another –Use other techniques to focus the attention of the analyst Leverage the power of language Focus on negative space

11. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen Negative Space Example

12. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen Strategies for Resolving the Knowledge Creation Problem Create cyber cognitive multipliers: –“The Matrix Approach” – Agents in cyber-space can replicate themselves –Mixed teams of analysts, intelligent team-based agents, and decision- makers Adapt to individual users: Interfaces that learn the preferences of and “fit” individual users

13. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen “The Matrix Approach”

14. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen Summary of Improvement Strategies Strategy Anticipated Improvement Factor Increase the bandwidth 50x Fly-by-wire10x Use multiple senses 10x Conserve analyst attention 50x Leverage the power of language 100x - 1000x Negative space 10x - 100x Cognitive multipliers 20x - 100x Adapt to individuals 10x Total Potential Improvement 260x-1430x

15. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen Recommendations Develop two realistic scenarios and associated data sets to test strategies Conduct some knowledge elicitation from “real” analysts

16. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen Recommendations Evaluate the effectiveness of implemented tools using the Living Laboratory approach Transition selected tools to real environments

17. 19 October 2005 Crossing the Longest Yard By: Hall and McMullen Living Laboratory Concept

18. Questions? Crossing the Longest Yard.doc Crossing the Longest Yard.doc