1. Natural Gas What future do you see for natural gas consumption? What do you make of Judge Cudahy’s warnings about our ability to make predictions like this? Is restructuring of the natural gas industry a good idea? What exactly are its benefits? Does everyone benefit from it? What were the original purposes of regulation in the first place? Are any of those goals at risk in a restructured natural gas industry?

2. GENERATION TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION Power Plant Transmission lines LDC End Users Distribution lines ELECTRICITY: History Terminology

3. U.S.: Utility Generation by Primary Energy Source, 1998

5. EU ELECTRIC GENERATION MIX

6. Utility Delivered Fuel Prices for Coal, Petroleum, and Gas, 1988-1998 (1998 Dollars)

7. GENERATION TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION Transmission lines LDC End Users Distribution lines IOU-owned plant Federally- owned plant QF/IPP- owned plant Municipally or REA-owned plant

8. GENERATION TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION Power Plant Transmission lines End Users Distribution lines IOUs Rural Coops State or Municipal Utility Power Marketers Who regulates retail sales by these LDCs?

10. GENERATION TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION Power PlantIOUs Rural Coops State or Municipal Utility Retail Customer WHOLESALE RATES: Which sales covered? (Attleboro case; SoCalEd case)

11. Interconnections of the North American Electric Reliability Council in the Contiguous United States

12. GENERATION TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION Power PlantIOUs Rural Coops State or Municipal Utility Retail Customer WHOLESALE RATES: Which sales covered? (Attleboro case; SoCalEd case) “Just and reasonable” FPC v. Conway Corp. (USSC 1976) Changed circumstances: SDE&G

13. North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) Regions for the Contiguous United States and Alaska

14. U.S. Independent System Operators in Operation, 1999

15. Estimated Average Revenue per Kilowatthour for All Sectors at Electric Utilities by State, 1999