8. The venom is 3 times powerful as a king cobra's one! (L/D50=0.1-0.01 mg/body wt. kg)

10. Example of how long the paralysis of CLTX will be working 0.5 µg/g body wt. Recover after 2 hours. 1.23-2.23 µg/g body wt. After ±20 sec. : loss of motor control. After ±60 sec. : progressed to a rigid paralysis of the walking and pincer legs that was complete. Within ±90 sec. : the tail musculature was immobilized. After 6 hours, no recovery was noted at which time the crayfish were destroyed.

11. Therapeutic use In short, CLTX can be a breakthrough for the brain cancer!

12. Example of therapeutic use

14. They are...  Classified as arachinds.  Number of legs : 8  Thought as feared animals.  Predatory  Prey : Insects Differences Scorpion has a stinger at the end of their tail to inject venom. a stinger at the end of their tail to inject venom. a pair of pinchers to hold onto a prey. a pair of pinchers to hold onto a prey. Spider has a pair of fungs to inject vanom. a pair of fungs to inject vanom. silk to trap a prey. silk to trap a prey.

16. Scorpion has the cuticle in its outer layer of skin. The Cuticle will react to black light and will be illuminated in the green colour. So you can find a scorpion with black light in the darkness.

19. Thank you for your attention!!

22. Muscle cells Outside cell Inside cell Ions Channel Showing how nerves work in our body.

23. Venom (CLTX) Outside cell Inside cell Ions Channel Showing how venoms work in our body.

24. It's a 37-amino acid peptide. Blocks calcium-activated potassium channels. →It causes hyperexcitability of the nervous system. Close homoloque of agitoxin.

25. Blocks of small-conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channels. Induces spoutaneous contractions in guinea pig taenia coli muscle cells.

26. It's a 38 animo acids. Three types of agitoxin can be distinguished, such as type 1,2 and 3. They are highly homologious, differing only in the identify of the residues at positions 7, 15, 29 and 31. Function Agitoxin binds to the Shaker K+ channel. It blocks this channel by binding with high affinity to its external vestiblue.

27. Why Painting Tumors Could Make Brain Surgeons Better http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/09/12/221060071/why-painting- tumors-could-make-brain-surgeons-better Poison (Japanese) http://www.geocities.jp/scubadive21/sub/mame/poison.htm Scorpion Poison –Point of View from Neurotoxin- (Japanese) http://ameblo.jp/plus-science/entry-11635039977.html Chlorotoxin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorotoxin Deathstalker http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deathstalker Scorpion Venom http://askabiologist.asu.edu/venom/scorpion_venom