1. A musical work that altered the course of music history

2.  Though completely deaf, Beethoven conducted  This was Beethoven’s first on-stage appearance in 12 years  Largest orchestra Beethoven ever assembled

3. Wein (Vienna)

4.  1 st symphony to use voices (Chorale Symphony) or Cantata + Symphony  Unusually large instrumentation  Role of conductor (Beethoven gave directions to conductor in the score)  Use of form (large movements and within movements)

5. TYPICAL SYMPHONY FORMBEETHOVEN’S 9 TH FORM  Fast (Allegro, Sonata Form)  Slow (Poco Adagio)  Dance (Minuet/Trio)  Fast (Rondo?)  Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso (Sonata Form)  Scherzo: Molto vivace – Presto  Adagio molto e cantabile  Presto; Allegro molto assai (Alla marcia); Andante maestoso; Allegro energico, sempre ben marcato (about 25 minutes alone)

6.  German Poet, Philosopher, Playwright  Weimar Classicism  Close friend of Goethe  Wrote “Ode to Joy” in 1785  Enlightenment ideals, brotherhood of mankind

7.  Performed every New Year’s Eve in Japan  Adopted as a religious hymn by most Christian denominations  Played after fall of Berlin wall  Anthem of EU and other countries