1. Chapter Six Zeus and Hera Poseidon and Hades Anthropomorphism ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

2. THE TWELVE OLYMPIANS The divine "family." ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

3. The Twelve Olympians Cronos’ myth contradictory: – a tyrant or wise ruler of the Golden Age Six children of Cronos and Rhea are the first Olympians: – Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Hestia, Hades – (Aphrodite born of his severed genitals in one version of her birth) ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

5. The Twelve Olympians All except Hades lived on Olympus There will be a total of 12 – or 13 or 14 – Olympians Zeus is the great father/king of this court of gods and goddesses ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

6. The Twelve Olympians GodCompetenceGodCompetence 1. ZeusStorms6. ApolloWisdom 2. HeraFamily7. ArtemisHunt 3. HestiaHearth8. HephaestusForge 4. DemeterHarvest9. AthenaKnowledge HadesUnderworld10. AresWar 5. PoseidonSea11. HermesTrade 12. AphroditeSex ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

7. ZEUS, LORD OF THE SKY ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

8. Zeus, Lord of the Sky Indo-European sky god (di-) Like Tiu (Germanic) in Tuesday; Dyspater - Jupiter Lived in the mountains (Olympus, Mt. Ida near Troy) and brought storms (his thunderbolt) By far the most powerful of the gods ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

9. Fig. 6.1 The temple of Zeus in Athens. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. University of Wisconsin–Madison Photo Archive

10. Zeus, Lord of the Sky Symbol of his power is the aigis Animals are the bull and the eagle ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

11. ZEUS, GOD OF JUSTICE Upholder of "the way" (dikê) ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

12. Zeus, God of Justice Guardian of justice (the way) – Not originally the abstract ideal of justice (what is right in all situations). Protector of xenia ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

13. PERSPECTIVE 6.2 The Loves of Zeus in European Art. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

14. Titian: Danaë ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain, Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York

15. Allegri: Leda and the Swan ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Gemaldegalerie/Bildarchiv PreuBischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin; photo by Jorg P. Anders

16. Jupiter Abducting Ganymede Charles-Joseph Natoire ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Musée d’Art et d’Histoire de Troyes; Réunion des Musées Nationaux/ Art Resource, New York

17. Pierre: The Rape of Europa ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Dallas Museum of Art, Foundation for the Arts, Foundation for the Arts Collection, Mrs. John B. O’Hara Fund

18. SEDUCTION OF ZEUS BY HERA Zeus's 115 consorts ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

19. Seduction of Zeus by Hera Zeus the sky-god acquires features of the male, fertility consort of the earth-mother Crete – the tomb of Zeus? Hera, an original earth-mother, is “demoted” to be his wife. – Original wife (Dione from north)? Through sexual generation, he structures the world ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

20. Seduction of Zeus by Hera ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

21. Fig. 6.2 Wedding of Zeus and Hera. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Palermo; author’s photo

22. ZEUS AND FATE Through his many consorts he shapes the world. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

23. Zeus and Fate Metis “cleverness” – Athena – strength and judgment Themis “established law”– – Horae (Eirenê, Eunomiê, Dikê) – Moerae (fates) (Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos) Mnemosyne “memory”– 9 Muses Dione “shinning one” -- Aphrodite ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

25. Zeus and Fate Horae Moerae Lachesis Yet Zeus cannot (or will not) prevent the death of Sarpedon, his own son. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

26. SOME OTHER LOVES OF ZEUS The Graces (with Eurynomê); the Muses (from Mnemosynê); Ganymede ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

27. Some Other Loves of Zeus Zeus and Ganymede – Zeus takes on many aspects of a Greek aristocrat, such as pederasty ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

28. Fig. 6.3 Zeus and Ganymede. Zeus acquires many of the features of Greek aristocracy, including pederasty. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Ferrara; Scala/Art Resource, New York

29. PERSPECTIVE 6.1 THE THREE GRACES The children of Zeus and Eurynomê ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

30. Perspective 6.1a A wall painting in Pompeii The "Three Graces Type." ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. University of Wisconsin–Madison Photo Archive

31. Perspective 6.1b The "Three Graces Type as interpreted by Rubins. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Museo del Prado, Madrid; University of Wisconsin–Madison Photo Archive

32. HERA, QUEEN OF HEAVEN "Cow-eyed" Hera ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

33. Hera, Queen of Heaven Marriage, sexuality, fertility Her children with Zeus – Eileithyia, Hebe, Ares Mother of Hephaestus (?) Other versions of Hephaestus’s birth – Hera alone – born or made lame? ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

34. Hera, Queen of Heaven Some of the most magnificent temples are to her (a Heraeum) Argos (Argives) Persecuted Zeus’s paramours and sometimes their offspring – Heracles “glory of Hera” Join a temporary rebellion with Poseidon and Athena ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

35. Zeus and Hera at Home on Olympus A tempestuous marriage The scene between Thetis at Zeus from the Iliad shows Zeus walked on egg shells to avoid irritating Hera Hephaestus, their children intervenes to stop the fight ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

36. Fig. 6.4 Temple of Hera at Olympia ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. University of Wisconsin–Madison Photo Archive

37. ZEUS AND HERA AT HOME ON OLYMPUS Unhappily ever after ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

38. Fig. 6.5 The Apples of the Hesperides ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Nimatallah /Art Resource, New York

39. POSEIDON, LORD OF THE DEEP Zeus's brother rules over the sea. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

40. Poseidon, Lord of the Deep Husband (posis) An Indo-European male fertility god This explains the tangle of his competencies – original: springs, horses, earthquakes – acquired: sea Married to “Amphitrite” Father of Triton ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

41. Poseidon, Lord of the Deep The competition in Athens – He offers the Athenians salt water?? Lost also in Argos Impregnated Medusa Pegasus born when Medusa killed by Perseus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

42. Figure 6.6 Poseidon (or Zeus) from 470-450 B.C. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. National Archaeological Museum, Athens; University of Wisconsin–Madison Photo Archive

43. HADES, KING OF THE DEAD The king of the underworld did not live on Olympus. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

44. Hades, King of the Dead "The invisible” (Helmet from the Cyclops) “Pluto” (wealth) Lord of the dead who inhabit the top layer of soil Abduction and Marriage to Persephone (daughter of Demeter), discussed in Chapter 11 ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

45. OBSERVATIONS Greek Anthropomorphism ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

46. Anthropomorphism Gods are human-shaped and humanlike, an inheritance perhaps from Mesopotamian traditions They eat and drink (special divine substances to be sure). ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

47. Anthropomorphism They laugh, get angry and jealous, and can even be wounded. Anthropomorphism makes interesting narrative and great myths ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

48. Anthropomorphism The Greek Olympian gods not only have human shape, but they also have human characteristics and the full range of human emotions. They can even be wounded. – Ares, for example, on the battlefield of Troy ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

49. Anthropomorphism Anthropomorphism makes it easier to create stories about the gods. Nevertheless, even if the Greek gods were like fun-loving mortals some of the time, there was something about them that the Greeks took very seriously. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

50. End ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.