4. Natural and Synthetic Polymers

5. Some Natural Polymers in Food… Gelatin in gummi worms and gummi bears are made from natural polymers! Bubble gum contains styrene butadiene rubber! Carbohydrates (starches) and proteins are examples of natural polymers! natural polymers

6. Polymers are everywhere!!! Polymers at the movies…. Nylon carpet, polyester and acrylic seats, polyester curtains, nylon screen, polyester film strip, waxy polyethylene popcorn tub, starch in popcorn, polystyrene cups, plastic M&M bag, protein in hotdogs, gelatin in gummy bears, paraffin in Junior Mints, sticky stuff on the floor made of soda, butter, Skittles, Milk Duds and more…

7. Polymerization

8. Polyethylene (PE) used for: flexible bottles, ice trays, plastic bags

9. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) used for: pipes, bottles, CD’s, computer housings

10. Polypropylene (PP) used for: rope, luggage, carpet, film, polar fleece propylene

11. Polystyrene (PS) used for: toys, packaging, egg cartons, flotation devices, hot cups

13. Carbohydrates

14. Proteins are made from 20 Amino Acids

16. Protein Chain

17. Lipids

18. Nucleic Acids

19. Distillation Apparatus Parts

20. Distillation Apparatus Assembled

21. Fractional Distillation

22. Straight Chained Polymer (made up of one type of monomer)

23. Straight Chained Polymer (made up of more than one type of monomer)

24. Branched Chain Polymer

25. Cross Linked Polymers

26. Cross links add elasticity (memory)

27. Vulcanizing Rubber to make it more flexible, tougher and temperature resistant and involves adding Sulfur atoms to create cross-links.

28. Properties of Polymers Properties are determined by the structure of the molecules and depends on: type(s) of monomer(s) used chain length shape of the chain number and type of cross-linking

29. Stress - Strain Behaviors Tensile Strength - the amount of pulling force placed upon a material before it breaks Abrasion Resistance - toughness of the material against scraping, scuffing or scarring Puncture Resistance - ability of a material to keep moving objects from perforating the surface

30. Environmental Issues: Concerns: Polymers are made from petroleum and so the problems associated with the acquisition, transport and refining of petroleum products apply to these as well. Petroleum is a non-renewable resource Most polymers are not biodegradable. Burning and heating during cooking of polymers may release toxic chemicals into the atmosphere. Improper disposal of materials can present a hazard to animals (6 pack bindings) Last a long time when disposed of in a landfill, or during ocean dumping.

31. Environmental Issues: Advantages: Polymers can be easily reused and recycled. They can be used to create numerous unique and useful materials (plastics) some of which have uses for which there is no natural substitute. Chemically inactive, materials stored in plastic are not damaged by their contact with the plastic.