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Anatomy and Physiology Cell Structure
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Structure selectively permeableCell (plasma) membrane - The selectively permeable outer boundary of a cell consisting of a phospholipids bilayer embedded with proteins. Nucleus - Cellular organelle that is enclosed by a double layer, porous membrane, and contains DNA. Cytoplasm - The entire contents inside of a cell excluding the cell membrane and nucleus. Cytosol - liquid portion
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Cell Structure Shape differs according to cell function.
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Cell Membrane Encloses the cell. Internal cell membrane forms membrane of nucleus and organelles. Composed mainly of phospholipids and protein. fluid mosaicDescribed as being a fluid mosaic model. Lipid layer
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Lipid Layer Heads are made of phosphate groups and are considered hydrophilic = water loving. Tails are made of lipid molecules and are considered hydrophobic = water fearing.
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Lipid Layer Proteins are embedded on and in the lipid layer. Some are attached to the surface, inner layer, and all the way through.
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Function of the Cell Membrane Receives information from other cells. Transportation of molecules into and out of cells. Recognizes cells as belonging to a particular person. –Tissue typing for transplants.
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Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum –Network of tunnels throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. –Miniature circulatory system for the cell. 2 Types –Smooth (SER) Synthesizes lipids –Rough (RER) - has ribosomes Synthesizes proteins
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Organelles Ribosomes –Function to make proteins for the cell. 2 Locations –Free floating in the cytoplasm. –Attached to endoplasmic reticulum.
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Organelles Golgi Apparatus –AKA Golgi Body or Golgi Complex –Consists of tiny sacs stacked on top of one another. –Synthesizes large carbohydrates and combines with proteins=glycoprotein –Transport vesicles form, carrying substances to different parts of the cell.
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Organelles Mitochondria –“Powerhouse of the cell” –Consists of a double membrane wall. –Inner membrane folds into extentions-cristae –This is the site of cellular respiration for production of ATP - cellular energy molecule.
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Organelles Mitochondria continued… The more work a cell completes, the more mitochondria. –Ex. Muscle cells
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Organelles Lysosomes –“Suicide bags or garbage disposals” –Contain enzymes that break down cell parts. –Destroy bacteria when it enters the body. White blood cells engulf bacteria and lysosomes destroy them.
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Organelles Peroxisomes –Located in all human cells but most abundant in liver cells. –Among many functions, it helps in the detoxification of alcohol.
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Organelles Centrioles –Appear as two dots located near the nucleus. –Forms spindle fibers during cell division (mitosis/meiosis).
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Organelles Cell Fibers –Made of proteins Form a 3-D lattice which helps support the cell. (cytoskeleton) –Serves as the muscle of the cell. Ex.- microfilaments and microtubules.
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Organelles Nucleus –Largest cell structure. –Contains DNA. –The center of the nucleus contains the nucleolus. Nucleolus manufactures ribosomes.
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Inclusions Lifeless chemicals In a cell temporarily Store –Nutrients - glycogen and lipids –Pigments - ex. Melanin
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http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer /0470003790/animations/cell_structure/c ell_structure.htmhttp://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer /0470003790/animations/cell_structure/c ell_structure.htm
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