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Digestive System Nervous System. The Digestive System.

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Presentation on theme: "Digestive System Nervous System. The Digestive System."— Presentation transcript:

1 Digestive System Nervous System

2 The Digestive System

3 Main Parts of the Digestive System TEETH – mechanical digestion, physically break down food SALIVARY GLANDS – produce saliva (spit) which mixes with food; releases an enzyme that begins chemical digestion ESOPHAGUS – long, straight tube which connects the throat to the stomach

4 Main Parts of the Digestive System STOMACH – muscular, baglike organ physical digestion – muscles squeeze food chemical digestion - glands in stomach produce enzymes and acids, break down food into nutrients CHYME – soupy mixture made in stomach; slowly released to small intestine

5 Main Parts of the Digestive System SMALL INTESTINE – 6 meter muscular tube connected to stomach; mixes chyme with fluids from liver and pancreas VILLI – line the small intestine; absorb nutrients from the chyme and send to bloodstream

6 Main Parts of the Digestive System PANCREAS – fish-shaped organ between stomach and small intestines; makes juices which flow to small intestine to neutralize acid LIVER – large organ on right side above stomach; MAKES bile (breaks up fat); breaks down toxic substances (ALCOHOL and DRUGS) GALLBLADDER – small baglike organ; STORES bile, then squeezed into small intestine These organs are linked to the small intestine, but food DOES NOT move through them

7 Main Parts of the Digestive System LARGE INTESTINE (COLON) – 1.5 m organ that stores, compacts, and gets rid of anything left that the body doesn’t need; 7.5 cm diameter (LARGE) RECTUM – last part of large intestine; stores feces ANUS – opening of rectum Digestion takes 24 hours!!!

8 The Nervous System

9 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) – brain and spinal cord; processes incoming/outgoing messages PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) – nerves that connect all areas of your body to CNS

10 Peripheral Nervous System NEURONS – cells that transfer messages throughout the body; fast-moving electrical energy

11 Neuron Structure DENDRITES – bring messages INTO cell body CELL BODY – main part of neuron (contains nucleus) AXONS – carry messages AWAY from cell body

12 Types of Neurons SENSORY NEURONS – gather info about what is happening using receptors; send to CNS; IN MOTOR NEURONS - send impulses from brain and spinal cord for muscles “to move”; OUT

13 Nerves Axons bundled together with blood vessels and tissue Transmits info from spinal cord to body

14 Central Nervous System BRAIN – largest organ; 3 parts CEREBRUM – thoughts, memories, senses CEREBELLUM – balance MEDULLA – brain stem; involuntary activity (blood pressure, heart rate, breathing); connects to spinal cord

15 Central Nervous System SPINAL CORD – contains neurons and bundles of axons that pass info to and from brain VERTEBRAE – protective bones around spinal cord

16 Path of Nerve Impulse 1. SENSORY NEURONS 2. SPINAL CORD 3. BRAIN 4. SPINAL CORD 5. MOTOR NEURONS


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