1. E. coli CAP +cAMP + DNA HTH motif cAMP

3. ATATAA = consensus sequence of TATA box start point at: Py 2 CA Py 5

5. TFIID

6. Human TBP complexed at TATA box of DNA G G C A T A T A T A T C 5'5' 3'3'

7. octamer CAAT GC TATA start point

10. DNA binding motif of steroid receptors Zn fingers Other DNA binding motifs Helix-turn-helix Helix-loop-helix Additional motif often present in transcription factors Leucine zippers -Cys-X 2-4 -Cys-X 3 -Phe-X 5 -Leu-X 2 -His-X 3 -His- The zinc finger motif is:

11. C-terminal N-terminal

12. Zn finger fragment bound to DNA

13. Hormone binding and dimerization regions vary from 5-15%

14. C-terminal N-terminal finger DNA binding dimerization GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR FRAGMENT BOUND TO DNA

16. homeodomain Helix-turn-helix binding motif #3, C-terminal #1, N-terminal #3 #2 #1

18. bHLH DNA binding motif of transcription factor MyoD

19. basic region binding DNA helix 1 helix 2

21. CREB-DNA complex Leu selected in zipper domain Arg selected in DNA-binding domain

22. Chains: blue = c-Fos, green = c-Jun Residues: red = Leu, purple = Arg Human protooncogenes c-Jun:c-Fos heterodimer

23. Keto-enol tautomerization of Gua keto form (normal) enol form pairing properties of enol

24. Point mutation, transition pyrimidine  pyrimidine purine  purine Point mutation, transversion pyrimidine  purine purine  pyrimidine G  T  G  C + A  T G  C  C  G, T  A  A  T, G  C  T  A nonsense mutation occurs when a termination codon is generated missense mutation occurs when a different amino acid is coded G  T  G  C + A  T One round of replication on mismatched strands “fixes” the mutation.

25. 3'-G-p-G-p-G-p-G-p-G-p-G-5'3'-G-p-G-p G-p-G-p-G-p-G-5' 5'-C-p-C p-C-OH5'-C-p-C-p-C-OH p-C G-p Mechanism for frameshift mutations ATA GCA ACC GGC CTT ACA AAT TC ATA GCA ACC GCC TTA CAA ATT C Change of reading frame following the location of a deletion insertiondeletion

26. Bacterial nonsense suppressors

27. thymine-thymine dimer