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Released Questions Chemistry CA Standards Test Released Questions
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Measure temperature Measure heat Measure color of light
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Observation Hypothesis Theory Law
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(The Atomic Theory) A well-accepted idea.
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Refer to your Periodic Table
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Chemical Families act the same.
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Alkali metals (Li, Na, K…) are the easiest atoms to pull an electron off of. Noble gases are the hardest to pull an electron off of.
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Family 6 has 6 valence electrons.
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Most particles missed the nucleus A few alpha particles hit something small and very dense!
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single-atom Cl 2 F 2 He N 2 The Diatomic Elements: HONClBrIF or BrINClHOF
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The examples contain C, N, H, & O nonmetals with nonmetals
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Use your Periodic Table Same family as Silicon
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Volume decreases x2 Pressure increases x2
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At STP, 1.0 mole = 22.4 L So, half a mole = 11.2 L The answer is STP (T=273 K & P=1.00 atm)
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K -273 = ºC 423 - 273 Remember, no calculator… The answer is NOT negative. And 423 – 273 696!
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These mix very well so you can dissolve alcohol in water or water in alcohol! Hint: Read the question before looking at the table of information…
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“Like Dissolves Like” Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents. Nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents. Polar and nonpolar do not mix (e.g. oil & H 2 O).
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A Proportion! If 36.2 g dissolves in 100 g of H 2 O, How much dissolves in 50 g of H 2 O?
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Hint: If the math confuses you, try each answer until you find the right one.
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ppm is related to %
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Heat = mass x (change in Temp) x specific heat = 30 g (40.0ºC) (0.4 J/g ºC) = 30 (4)(4) J = 120 x 4 = 480 J From the formula sheet:
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HCl + NaOH H 2 O + NaCl (salt water) Salt water is neutral!
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Our’s looked more like this: Which answer is NOT an electrolyte?
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Nope… bases are slippery. Nope… acids + bases form salts. Nope… they become less acidic… they get neutralized!
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Acidic = Low pH Basic = High pH
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Le Châtelier's Principle Reactants Products
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Increase pressure = decrease in volume Not enough room… switch to the side that takes up less room (fewer moles of gas) 2121
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Add heat… shift left Add liquid… no change Shift left… make O 2 Fewer moles of gas on the right. 5 2
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Shift right… use up CO No change… 2 2 Shift right… make CO 2 Shift left: use up NO
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H 2 O(l) H 2 O(g)
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CH 3 CH 2 OH is C 2 H 6 O C 2 H 6 O + 3O 2 2CO 2 + 3H 2 O
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Molar mass of carbon-12: 12.00 g/mole Or… 12 grams = 1 mole so… 6 grams =.5 moles
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Approximate: 195 g = 1 mole… so 97.6 g =.5 mole 1 mole = 6.02 x 10 23 atoms… so.5 mole = 3.01 x 10 23 atoms! Look up Pt on the Periodic Table
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1 mole CO 2 and 2 moles H 2 O are formed. Translate: 6.02 x 10 23 = 1 mole 1.2 x 10 24 = 2 moles Use P.O.E. Process OfOf Elimination
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Molar Mass of CH 4 12.0 + 4.0 = 16.0 g/mole Hint: Again… if the math is too much… try each answer out.
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52 g Cr = 6.02 x 10 23 atoms 13 g Cr = ¼ x 6.02 x 10 23 atoms = 1.5 x 10 23 atoms
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1 Fe 2 O 3 = 2(55.85) + 3(16.00) = 112 + 48 = 160 grams 3 CO = 3(12.0 + 16.0) = 3(28) = 84 grams So… 160 grams Fe 2 O 3 is needed to react with 84 grams of CO!
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6(2+16) = 6(18) = 60 + 48 = 108 grams 2(14+3) = 2(17) = 34 grams 108 g H 2 O 34 g NH 3 so… 54 g H 2 O 17 g NH 3 Hint: The numbers have to be simple because you won’t have a calculator.
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