1. Temperature and Heat CHAPTER the BIG idea CHAPTER OUTLINE Heat is a flow of energy due to temperature differences. Temperature depends on particle movement. 2.1 Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. 2.2 The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. 2.3 NEW CHAPTER

2. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 2.1 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE Temperature depends on particle movement. temperature kinetic theory of matter degree thermometer Temperature is commonly measured on the Fahrenheit or Celsius scales. All particles in matter have kinetic energy. Temperature is the measurement of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. Particles in a warmer substance have a greater average kinetic energy than particles in a cooler substance. hot liquid cold liquid

3. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The energy of motion. A moving object has the most kinetic energy at the point where it moves the fastest. kinetic theory of matter 2.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Temperature depends on particle movement. temperature kinetic theory of matter degree thermometer

4. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A measure of the average amount of kinetic energy of the particles in an object. temperature 2.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Temperature depends on particle movement. temperature kinetic theory of matter degree thermometer

5. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Evenly divided units of a temperature scale. degree 2.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Temperature depends on particle movement. temperature kinetic theory of matter degree thermometer

6. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A device for measuring temperature. thermometer 2.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Temperature depends on particle movement. temperature kinetic theory of matter degree thermometer

7. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. 2.2 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE thermal energy heat joule calorie Heat is a transfer of energy from an object at a higher temperature. Energy is transferred from the warmer lemonade to the cold ice through heat. Different materials require different amounts of energy to change temperature. ice heat specific heat

8. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 1. The flow of energy from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature. heat 2.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. thermal energy heat joule calorie specific heat 2. Energy that is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object.

9. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The energy an object has due to the motion of its particles; the total amount of kinetic energy of particles in an object. thermal energy 2.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. thermal energy heat joule calorie specific heat

10. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. calorie 2.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. thermal energy heat joule calorie specific heat

11. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A unit used to measure energy and work. One calorie is equal to 4.18 joules of energy; one joule of work is done when a force of one newton moves an object one meter. joule 2.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. thermal energy heat joule calorie specific heat

12. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. specific heat 2.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. thermal energy heat joule calorie specific heat

13. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 2.3 SECTION OUTLINE SECTION OUTLINE The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conductor conduction insulator convection radiation Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy. Energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. Types of Energy Transfer Continues until object temperatures are equal Conduction Energy transferred by direct contact Energy flows directly from warmer object to cooler object Can occur within one object Cycle occurs while temperature differences exist Convection Occurs in gases and liquids Movement of large number of particles in same direction Occurs due to difference in density Can transfer energy through empty space Radiation Energy transferred by electromagnetic waves such as light, microwaves, and infrared radiation All objects radiate energy

14. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME The process by which energy is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object by means of physical contact. conduction 2.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conductor conduction insulator convection radiation

15. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 1. A material that transfers energy easily. conductor 2.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conductor conduction insulator convection radiation 2. A material that transfers electric charge easily.

16. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME 1. A material that does not transfer energy easily. insulator 2.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conductor conduction insulator convection radiation 2. A material that does not transfer electric charge easily.

17. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME A process by which energy is transferred in gases and liquids, occurring when a warmer, less dense area of gas or liquid is pushed up by a cooler, more dense area of the gas or liquid. convection 2.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conductor conduction insulator convection radiation

18. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Energy that travels across distances in the form of electromagnetic waves. radiation 2.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. conductor conduction insulator convection radiation

19. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME I. Temperature depends on particle movement. A. All matter is made of moving particles. 2.1 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY Temperature depends on particle movement. 1. The Kinetic Theory of Matter 2. Temperature and Kinetic Energy 1. Temperature Scales B. Temperature can be measured. 2. Thermometers temperature kinetic theory of matter degree thermometer 3. Thermal Expansion

20. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME II. Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. B. Some substances change temperature more easily than others. 2.2 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY A. Heat is different from temperature. Energy flows from warmer to cooler objects. thermal energy heat joule calorie specific heat 1. Heat and Thermal Energy 2. Measuring Heat 1. Specific Heat 2. Specific Heat and Mass

21. VOCABULARY KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME III. The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. A. Energy moves as heat in three ways. 2. Convection 2.3 KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY The transfer of energy as heat can be controlled. 3. Radiation B. Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy. conductor conduction insulator convection radiation 1. Conduction