2. Unit 10

3. 省略省略与替代 替代   Exercises  省略与替代的关系 

4. 省 略 1. 某一句子成分的省略 （ I ） Beg your pardon? （ There ） Must be somebody waiting for you. We ’ ll do the best we can （ do ）. Only one of us was seriously injured, and he （ was injured ） just slightly. Which of them is the better choice? —Well, it ’ hard to tell （ it ）.

5. 省 略 Let ’ do the dishes. I ’ ll wash （ dishes ） and you dry （ dishes ）. Is this your bike? —Yes, it is （ mine ）. He ’ a real man. —Who is （ a real man ） ? If you need any of that firewood, I can give you plenty （ of that firewood ）. That letter was the last （ I ever received from her ）.

6. 省 略 2. 多个句子成分的省略 （ I ’ ll say ） A word about your composition. （ It is ） Interesting, isn ’ t it? （ Is there ） Anybody in? （ Have you ） Got a light? How could you （ say so ） ? Why （ do you ） not go by bus? Which is the best? —The red one （ is the best ）. Have you finished the work? —Yes, I have （ finished it ）.

7. 省 略 3. 从句或整句省略 He paused as if （ he were ） expecting Jenny to speak. When （ she was ） asked about it, she only smiled without giving any answer. It is easier to make a plan than （ it is ） to carry it out. Do you like the film? —Oh, （ I like it ） very much. Shall I make a fair copy of it? —Yes, （ you can make a fair copy of it ） if time permits. You would do the same （ if you were in my position ）. I asked her when she would leave, and she said she didn ’ t know （ when she would leave ）.

8. 替 代 1. 名词性替代 名词性替代是指用替代词代替名词或名词词组。常见的名词 替代词有代词 one/ones, the same, the kind, the sort 等。如： The child doesn ’ t like this book. Show him a more interesting one. （ one = book ） Today ’ libraries are quite different from those of the past. （ those = the libraries ） I ’ ll have two boiled eggs, please. —I ’ d like the same. （ the same = two boiled eggs ）

9. 替 代 2. 动词性替代 动词性替代是指用替代词代替动词或动词短语。常见的动词替 代词有 do, do so 等。如： John speaks French as fluently as he does German. （ does = speaks ） He said he would tell me the news, but he didn ’ t do so. （ do so = tell me the news ） I like playing football. —So do I. （ So do I. = I like playing football, too. ） Mary will enter the competition. —So will Joan. （ So will Joan. = Joan will enter the competition. ）

10. 替 代 3. 句子替代 句子替代是指用替代词代替整个从句。主要替代词有 so 和 not 。如： —Do you think he ’ ll come tomorrow? —Yes, I think so. （ so = that he ’ ll come tomorrow ） No, I think not. （ not = that he ’ ll not come tomorrow ）

11. 省略与替代的关系 省略与替代的关系 为了使句子简洁、明了或承接上下文，省略和替代 常被交替使用，但两者作用不同，省略着眼于减少用词、 缩短句子、避免重复和语言的冗长累赘，而替代则用于替 代句子中的词语，避免重复，使语言简洁，一目了然。当 两种可能性同时存在而又要决定取舍时，为使语言更为简 洁，往往采取省略而不是替代。例如： She might sing tonight, but I don ’ t think she will (sing tonight). She might sing tonight, but I don ’ t think she will do so. (she will sing tonight) 第一个例子采用省略，第二个例子采用替代，一般取前者 舍后者。

12. Exercises 1. Directions: Find out the part(s) that has been omitted in each of the following elliptical sentences. 1 ） Like a drink? (Would you) like a drink? 2 ） He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. He spent part of the money, and the rest (part of the money) he saved. 3 ） They did what they could. They did what they could (do). 4 ） Appears to be a big crowd in the hall. (There) appears to be a big crowd in the hall.

13. Exercises 5 ） Though tired, he was not disheartened. Though (he was) tired, he was not disheartened. 6 ） You have done better this time. You have done better this time (than you did before). 7 ） Are you coming? —No. Are you coming? —No, (I’m not coming.) 8 ） Sorry, wrong number. (I am) sorry, (it’s a) wrong number. 9 ） Shall we be late? —I hope not. Shall we be late? —I hope (we shall) not (be late). 10 ） Even as a boy, he was hopeless at maths. Shall we be late? —I hope (we shall) not (be late).

14. a piano 2. Directions: Specify the substitution in each of the following sentences. 1 ） Can you play the piano? There is one in the room. Can you play the piano? There is in the room. 2 ） The blonde girl I saw was older than those you were dancing with. The blonde girl I saw was older than you were dancing with. 3 ） Mary didn’t come, did she? —Yes, she did. Mary didn’t come, did she? —Yes, she. 4 ） He smokes a lot. Does his brother do so? He smokes a lot. Does his brother ? blonde girls came smoke a lot Exercises

15. Exercises 5 ） The weather was extremely hot in Cairo and will probably remain so. The weather was extremely hot in Cairo and will probably remain. 6 ） Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar, please? —Give me the same, please. Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar, please? —Give me, please. 7 ） Many people believe that the international situation will improve. —But I believe not. Many people believe that the international situation will improve. —But I believe extremely hot a cup of black coffee with sugar that the international situation will not improve.

16. Exercises 8 ） Is your brother going with you? —Perhaps not. Is your brother going with you? —. 9 ） I like playing football. —So did my father. I like playing football. —. 10 ） American food is not the same as the English kind. American food is not the same as the English. Perhaps he is not going with me. My father liked playing football, too. food

17. Exercises 3. Directions: In each of the following sentences, there are four underlined parts with one part improperly used. Identify that part and put it right in a proper form. 1 ） The city has always and will be proud of its achievements. A B C D 2 ） These televisions are quite popular in Europe, but those are not A B C quite. D 3 ） I wonder if I look as funny to him as he does me. A B C D 4 ） The climate here is often said to be similar to one of Japan. A B C D A has always been D not D does to D that

18. Exercises 5 ） I know they enjoyed every minute of it. Don’t you think it so? A B C D 6 ） Although a time-saving device, the computer is difficult to A B operate and when it not functioning properly, is impossible to repair. C D D think so C when not