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Syntactic Rules Must Account for the Following  The grammaticality of sentences  Word order  Hierarchical organization of sentences  Grammatical relations.

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Presentation on theme: "Syntactic Rules Must Account for the Following  The grammaticality of sentences  Word order  Hierarchical organization of sentences  Grammatical relations."— Presentation transcript:

1 Syntactic Rules Must Account for the Following  The grammaticality of sentences  Word order  Hierarchical organization of sentences  Grammatical relations  Structural ambiguity  Different structures with the same meaning  The creative aspect of language. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 123, adapted.

2 Phrase Structure Tree “A phrase structure tree is a formal device for representing the knowledge that a speaker has of the structure of sentence in his language.” Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 138.

3 Phrase Structure Rules S  NP Aux VP NP  Det N (PP) VP  V (NP) (PP) PP  P NP AP  Adj (PP) ( ) means OPTIONAL Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 140.

4 Use of PS Rules  Test to see if sentences are grammatical  Generate grammatical sentences Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 140.

5 Hanyu Pinyin Phonemic and Spelling Alphabet and Syllabary for Modern Standard Chinese

6 Revised Phrase Structure Rules S  NP Aux VP NP  (Det) (AP) N (PP) VP  V (NP) (PP) (Adv) (CP) PP  P NP AP  Adj (PP) CP  Comp S XP  XP Conj XP Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 150.

7 Verb-Adverb Transformation (before) S NP VP Det N V Adv The father wept silently Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman. An Introduction to Language, sixth edition. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998, p. 138.

8 Verb-Adverb Transformation (after) S NP VP Det N Adv V The father silently wept Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman. An Introduction to Language, sixth edition. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998, p. 138.

9 Wh-Question Transformation (after) S PRO wh Aux NP VP N pr V t What can Maryaccomplish Nick Cipollone, Steven Hartman Keiser, Shravan Vasishth, editors. Language Files, seventh edition. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1998, p. 206

10 Transformations  Verb-Adverb Switching  Yes-No Question  Verb-Particle Switching  Wh-Questions  Passive  Topicalization

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