1. ILC/SRF R&D Robert Kephart

2. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 2 Outline Fermilab ILC Goals Fermilab’s role in the GDE & the ILC machine design Main Linac design –Accelerator physics –Main Linac components (Cryomodule, RF components) ILC/SRF R&D and Infrastructure –Cavity fabrication and processing –Cavity test –3.9 GHz effort –Cryomodule fabrication and test ILC Civil and Site Development Industrialization Resources Summary of FY07 accomplishments FY08 Goals Conclusion

3. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 3 Goals of Fermilab’s ILC R&D The overarching goals of Fermilab’s ILC R&D: –Establish credentials in ILC machine design –Develop proficiency in SRF technology –Become a trusted international partner such that FNAL becomes the preferred site to host the ILC. As part of the Global Design Effort (GDE) our goal is to help design the machine, estimate the cost, and gain international support. Fermilab ILC R&D activities: –ILC Machine Design –Development of SRF technology & infrastructure –Conventional Facility & Site Studies for a US ILC site –Industrialization & Cost Reduction –ILC Physics, Detector Design, and Detector R&D (Marcel’s talk)

4. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 4 FNAL’s Role in the GDE In FY07 the focus of the worldwide effort on the International Linear Collider (ILC) was to complete the Reference Design Report (RDR) and cost estimate –Draft delivered in Beijing in Feb 07 (Final in Korea in Aug) Fermilab’s Role: –Large institutional contribution to this activity –Many FNAL physicists and engineers involved –Increased FNAL role via GDE leadership positions Current Lab effort – 137 FTE on ILC machine design and SRF R&D and infra – 18 FTE on ILC Detector R&D Growing engagement for Lab staff & User community FNAL is poised to play an even larger role in the Engineering design of the ILC. Goal: EDR by 2010

5. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 5 FNAL’s role in the RDR/EDR Many FNAL Physicists and Engineers were in key RDR positions ILC Machine “Area” Leaders (typically 3 Ldrs 1/region) –Civil and Site: Vic Kuchler = Americas Ldr –Main Linac Design: N. Solyak = 1 of 2 Americas Ldrs –Cryomodule: H. Carter = Americas Ldr –Cryogenics system: T. Peterson = Americas Ldr –Magnet systems: J. Tompkins = Americas Ldr –Communications: E. Clements = Americas Ldr Design & Cost Board ( coordinated RDR and cost estimate) –9 member board: P Garbincius (chair), R. Kephart (member) RDR Change Control Board (ILC baseline configuration control) –9 member board S. Mishra = 1 of 3 U.S. Members R&D Board (Oversight of ILC R&D program –11 member board M. Ross (Member) –S0/S1/S2 task forces Ross, Nagaitsev, Kephart (Members) FNAL Hosts the GDE central office (admin support, etc) Nearly all have continuing roles in the Engineering Design organization M Ross = 1 of 3 Project Managers, Jim Kerby = 1 of 3 lead engineers

6. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 6 Accelerator physics: –Main Linac optics studies –End-to-end simulation of the machine –Study emittance preservation and vibration issues –RF timing and control issues FNAL proposed the switch to a centrally sited circular Damping Ring vs. TESLA dog-bone DR –Less expensive, less risk, fits on FNAL site –Now the ILC baseline Engineering Design of Main Linac technical systems –Cryogenics, RF, magnets, and controls systems –Auxiliary systems: water cooling, electrical, HVAC, etc Design of key Main Linac components –Cryomodules, cavities, modulators, etc. The ILC is based on Superconducting Radio Frequency technology. A major focus has and will be SRF R&D ILC Machine Design

7. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 7 SRF Goals Demonstrate the baseline ILC Main Linac technology –GDE S0: Cavity gradient of 35 MV/m; good yield –GDE S1: Cryomodules with average gradient > 31.5 MV/m –GDE S2: One or more ILC rf unit with ILC beam parameters Key issue is variability in cavity performance Develop FNAL expertise in SRF technology –Train FNAL staff –R&D to improve ILC performance, reduce cost Collaborate with U.S. & International ILC partners Transfer SRF technology to U.S. industry Build FNAL SRF Infrastructure to support these activities –DOE Review of FNAL SRF Infrastructure Plan in Feb 07 –Report favorable  proceeding with plan but at reduced funding

8. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 8 Surface Processing Cavity Fabrication Vertical Testing He Vessel, couplers, tuner HPR or reprocess Horizontal Testing Cold String Assembly Pass! Fail! Cavity/CM process and Testing Plan… Develop in labs then transfer technology to industry

9. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 9 SCRF Infrastructure High gradient cavities require extensive infrastructure Bare cavities –Fabrication facilities ( e.g. Electron beam welders) –Buffered Chemical Polish facilities ( BCP ) –Electro-polish facilities ( EP ) –Ultra clean H 2 0 & High Pressure Rinse systems –Vertical Test System ( Cryogenics + low power RF ) Cavity Dressing Facilities (cryostat, tuner, coupler) –Automatic welders, Class 10 clean room –Horizontal Test System ( cryo and high power pulsed RF ) String Assembly Facilities –Large class 100 clean rooms, Large fixtures –Class 10 enclosures for cavity inner connects Cryomodule test facilities –Cryogenics, pulsed RF power, LLRF, controls, shielding, etc. –Beam tests  electron source (e.g. FNPL Photo-injector) Lots of $ but reuse of existing FNAL infrastructure reduces costs

10. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 10 1.3GHz Cavity Fabrication Goals: –Acquire cavities to study surface processing (Qualified Vendor) –Qualify U.S. cavity vendors to make ILC cavities –Build cryomodules to train staff and test improvements Our progress depends on funding available to acquire cavities Delivered cavities (using all sources available): –4 from ACCEL (Processed and tested at Cornell, JLab) –4 from AES (Processing at Jlab, one cavity now at FNAL) –4 from Jlab ( 2 large grain, 2 fine grain) Additional cavities ordered from ACCEL (Qualified Vendor) –For ILC surface processing studies and CM construction –8 ordered in FY06, 12 more in FY07 (DESY orders 30-40 at a time!) –Ability to order cavities is funding limited ( $ ~80 K each ) U.S. Vendors (trying to get them qualified) –FY07: Ordered single cell cavities from AES, Roark, Niowave –6 additional nine-cells on order from AES

11. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 11 FNAL Cavities Infrastructure ACCEL Cavity Cavity Tuning bead pull IB4 RF lab 800 C Bake IB4 Vacuum Oven

12. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 12 Cavity Fabrication By Industry Cavity Dressing & Horizontal Testing @ Fermilab Surface Processing @ Cornell Surface Processing @ Jlab Surface Processing @ ANL/FNAL Vertical Testing @ Cornell Vertical Testing @ Jlab Vertical Testing @ FNAL Exists Developing U.S. Cavity Processing & Test ILC R&D goals require new large processing facility ~ 100/yr ~10/yr~50/yr~40/yr

13. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 13 EP and Vertical Test @ Jlab Quench at ~ 42 MV/M but back down to ~32 MV/M EP and Vertical Test at TJNL FNAL collaborates closely with Jlab on cavity processing Jlab modified existing infrastructure for Electropolish, High Pressure Rinse, and Vertical Test of ILC cavities –Capable of > 40 process and test cycles/yr –Completed 32 in FY07

14. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 14 ACCEL cavity EP Processed & tested at Cornell EP & Vertical Test: Cornell Limited by quench@ 30 MV/M Vertical EP Infrastructure HPR ( High Pressure Rinse) Vertical test New vertical EP R&D infrastructure HPR & Vertical Test of ILC cavities 3 ACCEL cavities processed # 5, 8, 9 8 process and test cycles in FY07 Gradients achieved 24-30 MV/M Limited by quench

15. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 15 Cavity Process & VTS Results ACCEL (Europe) AES (U.S.) ILC Goal Most cavities, esp. U.S. cavities are limited by Quench vs. FE

16. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 16 New ANL-FNAL Processing Facility New Clean Rooms New Chemistry Rooms & EP 1 st EP Aug 07 Single cell Chemistry, Clean rooms, BCP,HPR & state-of-the-art EP @ANL Operational ~ Dec 07 ~ 50 EP cycles/yr

17. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 17 New Vertical Test @ FNAL Recently commissioned (IB1) –Existing 125W@ 1.8 K Cryogenic plant –RF system in collaboration with Jlab –Capable of testing ~50 Cavities/yr –Evolutionary upgrades: Thermometry for 9-cells, 2 cavities at a time, 2 top plates, Cryo upgrades Plan for two additional VTS cryostats –Ultimate capacity ~ 264 cavity tests/yr VTS Cryostat:IB1 New RF & Control Room Plan for 2 more VTS pits Nine-cell Tesla-style cavity

18. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 18 Horizontal Test System Dressed cavities are tested with pulsed RF power 300 KW klystron & modulator complete and tested Extensive MDB cryo modifications  100 W @ 1.8 K HTS currently cold & being commissioned with 1 st cavity Serves as test bed for LLRF, tuner & coupler studies Unique capability in Americas: Goal 24 cavity tests/yr 1 st 1.3 GHz Cavity in HTS Cryostat HTS Cryostat Installed at MDB

19. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 19 MDB Infrastructure RF Power for HTS Cryogenics transfer lines in MDB Large Vacuum Pump for 2K 300 KW RF Power for HTS Capture Cavity-II

20. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 20 DESY Collaboration FNAL is building a 3.9 GHz 3 rd Harmonic module for DESY –Doubles light output of VUV-FEL –Uses four 9 cell 3.9 GHz cavities –Five cavities have been fabricated and have achieved gradient > 20 MV/M gradient (Spec is > 13 MV/M) –Serves as a pilot program for much of our ILC SCRF infrastructure (processing, vertical and horizontal test, cryomodule assembly, etc.) –Expect to deliver the 3.9 GHz module to DESY in early 2008 DESY and INFN have supplied Fermilab with all the parts for one 1.3 GHz (TTF 3+) TESLA cryomodule –Will be the 1st ILC type cryomodule built in the U.S. –More on this in a minute

21. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 21

22. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 22 ILC Cryomodule Cryomodules are complex Cavities made from pure Nb Smooth & ultra clean surfaces Cavity handling is crucial Operate in 2K superfluid He 1200 parts! Cryomodules are expensive Single most expensive component of the ILC Must industrialize cavities, components, and maybe assembly Developing the extensive infrastructure to build and test CM’s FNAL leads an international team working to improve the TESLA CM design for ILC (DESY, INFN, KEK, CERN, SLAC, India, etc ) Plan to have an improved ILC design ready for bids by Mar 08 TTF Cryomodule

23. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 23 ILC Type IV Design Coupler Cavity 2K Header and support Radiation shields 2K He Vessel Vacuum Vessel Beam Axis Design Compete In Mar 08

24. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 24 Cryomodule Assembly Facility Goal: Assemble R&D Cryomodules Where: MP9 and ICB buildings –MP9: 2500 ft 2 clean room, Class 10/100 –Cavity dressing and string assembly –ICB: final cryomodule assembly Infrastructure: –Clean Rooms, Assembly Fixtures –Clean Vacuum, gas, water & Leak Check DESY Cryomodule “kit” being assembled now String Assembly MP9 Clean Room Cavity string for 1 st CM ICB clean: Final Assembly fixtures installed

25. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 25 Cryomodule Plan 1 st Cryomodule (2007) –Assemble a TESLA TTF type III CM from DESY “kit” –Cavities built and fully tested by DESY 2 nd Cryomodule (2008) –Also TTF type III cryomodule –Cavities are processed and tested in the US –Electropolished and tested at JLAB, Cornell, and ANL/FNAL –Cryostat and cold mass from Zanon in Europe 3 rd Cryomodule (2009) –1 st type IV ILC cryomodule built anywhere –Parts built in U.S. industry 4 th -6 th Cryomodules (2010-11) –Build ILC RF unit in U.S. –Transfer knowledge gained to Industry Develop, build & test basic building blocks of the Main Linac to evaluate main linac cost and reliability issues

26. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 26 RF Unit Test Facility (ILCTA_NM) Overall Plan –Build an ILC RF Unit Test Facility at New Muon Lab Building (NML) One ILC RF Unit (3 Cryomodules) 10-MW RF System ILC-like Beam (3.2 nC/bunch @3 MHz, Up to 3000 bunches @ 5Hz, 300-μm rms bunch length) Phase-1 (FY07 - FY08) –Prepare Facility for Testing of First Cryomodule (CM1) without Beam Infrastructure, RF Power, controls Cryogenics (Refrigerator #1) => reuse of existing TeV refrigerator Phase-2 & 3 (FY08 - FY10) –Install Gun, Injector, CM2 and CM3, Test with Beam New RF Gun Move A0 Photo-Injector to NML and Install Test Beamlines Extend Building to fit Third Cryomodule Cryogenics (Refrigerator #2 (existing) and New Cryoplant-300W@2K) Upgrade RF System to 10 MW FY11 and beyond run ILC RF unit with full ILC parameters

27. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 27 ILCTA_NM Layout 40-50 MeV Injector: well characterized beam Low energy test area (e.g. 3.9 GHz Crab cavities) Twin tunnel design to allow 2 nd RF unit and to study tunnel layout and maintenance issues New bldg for diagnostics & AARD Also houses new cryo plant Bunch Compressor ILC RF unit Diagnostics Gun CC I,II Laser 3 rd har Test Area ~ 22 M 72 M Existing Building New Building New ILC like tunnel 2 nd ILC RF unit Test Areas new 300 W cryo plant RF Equipment

28. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 28 Current Picture of NML Facility

29. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 29 Refrigeration/controls, etc Cryogenic System –Installed Gas Storage Tanks –Refrigerator #1 (60W@1.8K) Installation complete 1 st LHe last week ! –Cryo Distribution System Feed Can, Feed Cap, End Cap (in procurement stage) Control Room being Installed Instrumentation –Wire Position Monitors for CM1 –Faraday Cup Fabrication –RF Protection System Lots of progress… but… Concern: 300 W refrigerator is expensive + 2yr lead time item… cannot order in FY08 or FY09 ?

30. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 30 ILC Civil and Site Development With the GDE we are developing the ILC Civil Design –Tunnel Design and Layout –Convention Facilities design –Cost and Schedule studies FY08: FNAL site specific design –Optimal use of the large FNAL site –Minimize cost and community impact –Studies of actual machine layout Geological, environmental, land use, & community issues –Bring in large outside A&E firms to consult ~31 km

31. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 31 Industrialization Principle goal of ILC industrialization is to establish in U.S. industry the capability and infrastructure to mass produce the components for the ILC –Another important goal is cost reduction FY07 Activities: –Encourage & support the LCFOA (meetings, etc) –Industrial cost estimates in support of the RDR –Development of U.S. Cavity vendors ( AES, Roark, Niowave ) –Development of Industrial Electropolishing ( ABLE) –Purchase of couplers from CPI, etc. FY08: –Qualify Industry for cavities & CM parts production –Qualify new U.S. vendors of high purity Nb –Engage U.S. A&E firms in FNAL site development –Value engineering, RF equipment purchases, etc In the spring I charged a group to create an overall IC Industrialize plan (Ldrs: Garbincius, Mishra). Preliminary report in Oct, final Jan 08 Our ability to engage U.S. industry is limited by available funding, our own expertise, our SRF R&D and test facilities, and industrial level of interest

32. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 32 Resources (with overheads) FY08: ILC + SRF growth is 1.9% < inflation FY09 is better at 26% growth but still below FNAL’s understanding with OHEP –Pier: ILC line at ~ $34 M; all $ 35 M of the SRF line to FNAL –Note: The discrepancy in the SRF line may be because planned funds to SLAC, MSU, LANL are not included. However, even assuming these funds we are still missing ~ $3-4M –At least $ 7M less in FY09 than we expected

33. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 33 Resources ( Direct) FY08 is ~ flat in terms of workforce and M&S Disappointing: Does not allow us to build and operate needed SRF infrastructure in a timely way (NML refrigerator, EBW, CPF) Stagnation of Detector R&D effort instead of FNAL leading LOI’s Modest growth foreseen in FY09 guidance…but…. We should all understand that these numbers are far short of those needed to support an early (~ 2012 ) start of ILC FTE64120155~158~173 Note: 05-07 FTE numbers are from actual effort reporting vs. SWF averages

34. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 34 Detector R&D funding The ILC detector R&D effort at the lab has nearly doubled each year. Funding in FY08 will be ~ flat. Community calls for LOI's by the end of 2008 As candidate lab to bid to host, we have the ambition to play a leading role in the preparation of the LOI's. FNAL established several core competencies, highly regarded by the world community; need to grow these Many technologies for ILC detectors are novel and have to have system level tests. We provide funding to operate the test beam and provide infrastructure for these tests. The Projected FY08 detector budget is not compatible with our ambition and the goals of the WWS.

35. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 35 Summary: FY07 Accomplishments Large contribution to GDE RDR and cost estimate Completed Meson Detector Bldg 1.8 K cryogenic system 1 st operation of the Capture Cavity II at high gradient (31 MV/M) With Jlab & Cornell –processed & tested the first >30 MV/ M cavities in the U.S. With ANL: –Completed new joint ANL/FNAL cavity processing facility Completion and first operation of a Vertical Test Stand in IB1 Completion and first operation of a Horizontal Test Stand in MDB Completed Phase I: Cryomodule Assembly Facility (MP9 & IB1) Started assembly of the 1 st U.S. built cryomodule in CAF –TTF type III CM from DESY “kit” of parts Excellent progress on a 3.9 GHz Cryomodule for DESY Started construction of RF unit test facility at NML Initiated & led a world wide collaboration on SRF materials

36. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 36 Summary: FY07 Accomplishments Conventional Facilities Development –Major contributions to ILC CFS design –Led the U.S. site specific design effort Signed MOU’s with 15 national/international ILC institutions –Many on SRF development Outreach –Community Task Force, envoy program, single page handouts, web site, etc. –Host GDE, ILC, industrialization, ILC schools, and SRF meetings Illinois –Working with Illinois Dept of Commerce and Economic Development –The Illinois Accelerator Research Center, a new $ 35 M FNAL building dedicated to education, SRF development & industrialization is in Illinois capitol bill that awaits passage Program Management –Extensive financial tracking tools in place for ILC/SRF effort –Started to develop EDR schedules and trackable R&D milestones

37. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 37 Conclusions In FY07 made major contributions to the RDR –Large role in GDE, machine design, and engineering Significant progress on FNAL SRF infrastructure –Many new facilities turning on in FY07 But… pace of progress is limited by funds –Key long term items are not adequately funded (new NML refrigerator, EBW, new large cavity processing facility, Detector R&D etc) Developing extensive collaborative connections with the goal of becoming a trusted international partner Extensive CFS work in progress to develop ILC design and study FNAL as a possible ILC host site Growing staff involvement and outreach efforts Expect FNAL to play a large role in the EDR

38. 9/25/2007 R.D. Kephart DOE Annual Review 38 FY08 Goals and Milestones Major contributions to the EDR effort Continue to expand collaborative work on ILC/SRF Complete Commissioning VTS & HTS Oct 07 New HPR system complete at ANL Dec 07 1 st 9-cell operation of ANL EP system Jan 08 Process & test ~ 25 cavities @ Jlab, Cornell, ANL/FNAL New 9-cell thermometry system for VTS Jan 08 Start move of A0 Photoinjector to NML Feb 08 Type IV CM parts out for bid Mar 08 Ship 3.9 GHz CM to DESY Apr 08 Finish design FNAL processing facility Jun 08 Operation of 1 st CM in NML Aug 08 Increased effort on industrialization