1. The Rise of Julius Caesar 44-100 BC

2. Ancient Rome
For centuries, Rome was a monarchy, but in 509 BC, the Brutus family overthrew the dictator and established a republic.
In a republic power is held by the people who elect representatives and has an elected or nominated leader.

3. The Classes of Rome The people were divided into 3 different classes.
Patricians – the wealthy people of Rome, allowed to vote
Plebians – the tradesmen and craftsmen, not wealthy, more middle class, allowed to vote
Slaves – had no money, no rights, no freedom, they were not considered citizens of Rome and were often prisoners of war, they were not allowed to vote

4. Elected Officials
Magistrates: It was their job to keep the law and order in Rome. They also managed financial affairs. Tribunes: Their job was to make sure the people were treated fairly. (Marullus and Flavius) Senators: These important Romans gave advice to the consuls and to the Emperor. (Cassius and Brutus) Consuls: the citizens of Rome could vote for 2 consuls. Their job was to govern Rome. They only served for one year.

5. Common beginnings
Julius Caesar was born in 100 BC to a patrician family.
His father died when Julius was 15.
His father was not very political, however, his uncle, Marius, was involved in a struggle for power with his rival, Sulla.
Sulla executed or exiled many of his enemies and their families.
Julius Caesar was marked for death and fled Rome.

6. Caesar the Soldier
After Sulla pardoned Caesar, he joined the army and became a renowned soldier.
Caesar returned to Rome and by 60 BC he became part of a Triumverate (rule by 3 men)
ruling Rome.
He ruled with Crassus and Pompey.
In 58 BC, Caesar was made governor of
Gaul (France) and over the next 10 years
conquered all of Gaul.

8. Caesar Takes Over
Crassus, one of the Triumvirate, was killed in battle.
Pompey was jealous over Caesar’s popularity and his conquest of Gaul.
Pompey arranged to have Caesar ordered to return to Rome by the Senate.
Caesar returned – with his army – beginning a a civil war and ending with his defeat of Pompey. Caesar declared
himself the absolute ruler of Rome.
Pompey fled to Egypt and was later murdered by the
Egyptians to gain favor with Caesar.
Pompey