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Evaporative Emission Standards for Boats
Presented By: John McKnight Director of Environmental & Safety Compliance December 2008
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Outline Overview of new program Evaporative emission types
New Standards Program details Small businesses Certification Questions
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Final Rule On September 4, 2008, EPA Administrator Steve Johnson signed, into law, new exhaust and evaporative emission standards for spark-ignition marine engines and vessels. These standards apply only to new engines and vessels sold for use in the United States. The standards will help reduce harmful health effects of ozone and carbon monoxide from these products.
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Final Standards: Overview
HC+NOx exhaust emission standards for SI marine engines are similar in stringency to existing standards in California New CO exhaust emission standards for all SI marine engines New Not-to-Exceed provisions New evaporative emission standards
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Venting emissions (diurnal, hot soak, running loss) Refueling/spillage Permeation (fuel tank, hoses, other)
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Highway Evap Standards
Three decades of automotive evaporative emission control (full vehicle test/standards) Nonroad equipment are just now becoming subject to evaporative emission control
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Existing Nonroad Standards
Component based standards Fuel and tank permeation Component test for diurnal control Design-based certification Existing standards Large SI equipment (2007) Recreational vehicles (2008) Portable gas cans (2009)
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New Standards SI Marine Portable tanks Vessels Small SI as well
Tank permeation Self-sealing vent Vessels Hose and tank permeation Diurnal emissions Refueling spillage Small SI as well Running loss
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Marine Evap Standards Standard/ Category Hose Permeation Tank Permeation Diurnal Standard level 15 g/m2/day 1.5 g/m2/day 0.40 g/gal/day Portable tanks 2009a 2011 2010b PWC 2009 2010 Other tanks 2012 2011c,d a 2011 for primer bulbs. Phase-in for under cowl fuel lines, by length, on OB engines: 30% 2010, 60% 2011, 90% 2012, 100% 2015. b Design standard. c Fuel tanks installed in nontrailerable boats (> 26 ft. in length or >8.5 ft. in width) may meet a standard of 0.16 g/gal/day over an alternative test cycle. d The standard is effective July 31, For boats with installed fuel tanks, this standard is phased-in 50%/100% over the first two years. As an alternative, small manufacturers may participate in a diurnal allowance program. (b) Design standard- Diurnal sealed cap with some type of audible click that lets you know its sealed and a 5 psi relief valve (c) Trailerable boats must meet .40 grams per gallon per day. Non trailerable .16 grams per gallon per day (d) Alternative for small volume manufacturers- Small business 500 employees exempt 1200 boats from canisters between 2011 and 2012. Notify EPA Keep records Label vessel
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Small Business Provisions
Program Details Hose Permeation Certification Tank Permeation Small Business Provisions Diurnal Refueling Spillage
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Fuel Line Permeation Fuel line Vent and fill lines
15 g/m2/day, 2009 Fuel CE10, 23°C Boat and engine hose Phase-in for under cowl fuel line Primer bulbs, 2011 Vent and fill lines Standards do not apply unless hose will hold standing fuel Fuel line manufacturers will certify Boat builders can use existing inventory through 2009.
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Technical Approaches Straight-run hose
Low permeation hose widely available Fluoroelastomer/fluoroplastic barriers SAE J1527 includes specification for 15 g/m2/day hose Molded hose and other rubber components Fluoroelastomer construction Alternative primer bulb products cover rubber barrier layer reinforcement
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Fuel Tank Permeation 1.5 g/m2/day Design-based certification
E10 fuel, 28°C Preconditioning Fuel soak Durability testing Design-based certification Metal tanks Automotive type multi-layer tanks Tank manufacturer will certify Tank manufacturer supplies boat builder with installation standards Tank manufacturer must specify Fuel cap requirements Allowable materials Thread Pattern Sealing method- audible click or visual seal
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Technical Approaches Multi-layer constructions Alternative materials
Barrier treatments Barrier platelets Coatings Nanocomposites
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Diurnal Standards Portable fuel tanks Installed tanks
Self-sealing valve Installed tanks Trailerable boats (<26 ft) 0.40 g/gal/day °C Nontrailerable boats 0.16 g/gal/day °C Tank manufacturer will certify Trailerable boat ABYC S-8 Boat Measurement and Weight Standard
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Technical Approaches Design-based certification
Seal tank (up to 1.0 psi) Can use pressure mitigation (e.g. bladder) Passive-purge carbon canister Prevent fuel from entering canister Carbon and canister specifications
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Examples of Carbon Canisters
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Refueling Fuel nozzle standards System integration
Marinas must use standard nozzles whenever they replace existing nozzles or install new ones Same to those already used for motor vehicle pumps Standardized dimensions Automatic shut-off System integration Fuel systems should be designed to allow flow to nozzle for automatic shut-off Will help with carbon canister installation designs and reduce spillage
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System Integration Industry consensus standards
SAE J1527 addresses hose permeation ABYC H24 potential vehicle for specifying best practices for fuel system designs NMMA certification Canister installation standards Industry is developing canister installation practices in context of EPA & USCG standards ABYC is assessing fuel/air separators and fuel system designs for spillage control SAE1527 was not followed 4 week soak at 32 C EPA finalized 8 week soak
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Potential Canister Installation
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XYZ BOAT COMPANY
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How to Download the Rule
1. Go to 2. Under “Regulations and Guidance,” click on Final Rule.
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How to Download the Rule
3. The Final Rule will be a PDF document. 4. Go to Federal Register page 59298, which is actually page 266 in the document.
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Other Resources jmcknight@nmma.org or 202-737-9757 Engine Workshop
Three communication programs in late January 2009 Engine Workshop Component Manufacturer Workshop Web based workshop for boat builders
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