1. Construction
Objective 6.02

2. Bell Ringer /1
Name these
roof styles! 1 4

3. Objective
Recognize Components of Construction

4. Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
A. Foundation 1. Footings 2. Slab

5. Construction
We will discuss the Basic Steps needed in ALL types of housing Construction…

6. STEP 1: Planning the housing SITE
Topography – the slope of the land and its other physical features
Influences:
Planning
Construction
Maintenance

7. Types of topography Easiest and least expensive to build on:
Flat land, well drained, and free of rocks
Not all land/sites are like this:
Poorly drained soils may cause swampy yards, wet basements, sewage problems, and poor plant growth
In a cold climate, water trapped in poorly drained soils will freeze and expand, sometime causing the foundation to crack

8. Orientation
The position of a home on the lot and the direction the home faces.
Purpose: allow residents to enjoy sunshine, gentle breezes, and the natural beauty of the housing site
Understanding the principles of orientation can help a person choose one apartment unit over another

9. Orientation: using sunlight effectively
Help prevent dampness, mildew, and rot
Home will need less artificial lighting
Regions with cold winter need to utilize the sun exposure
South and west sides of a dwelling receive the most sunlight
Usually the family room, kitchen, and living room (rooms that are center of family activity) are on the south and west side
North side should have the fewest windows

10. Utilizing natural elements, etc.
Windbreak: something that protects a housing site from strong winds
Trees and shrubs
Garages
Walls and fences
Homes built in the side of a hill

11. Step 2:Choose a FLOORPLAN
Floorplan – a scale diagram of one or more rooms as if seen from above

12. *Poor foundation = poor quality home*
Step 3: The FOUNDATION
Foundation - underlying base of a house
Purpose - supports the home
*Poor foundation = poor quality home*
Consists of the footing and foundation walls
Footing - continuous concrete base that supports foundation walls

14. 3 Types of Foundation Construction
1) Basements – “room” like space under a house
2) Crawl Space – space between the ground and bottom floor of home
3) Slabs – a poured layer of concrete, about 4 inches thick
Brainstorm: What do you think would be the advantage of each??? (think about topography and others!)

15. Next Project!
Let’s look at Rubric
DUE 4/13

16. Bell Ringer /2
Please copy and answer the following question in your notebooks:
Because Ben’s house is built on grade (even with land) with no basement or crawlspace, his house is built: 
A.  On a hill
B.  On a slab
C.  Using anchor bolts
D.  Without headers

17. Objective
Recognize Components of Construction

18. Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
B. Frame 1. Floor a. Girder b. Floor joist c. Sub-floor 2. Wall a. Studs b. Header
c. Plates
(1) Top
(2) Sole
(3) Sill

19. Step 4: Floor Frame Floor frame - “skeleton” of the structure
Purpose - Supports the wall and roof materials
If frame isn’t constructed properly, the structure may collapse

20. Floor Frame Process:
 Floor Joists, are long pieces of wood that are placed on top of the girders, which are on top of the foundation walls
 A thick layer of plywood is attached to the tops of the floor joists. This is called the “Sub-Floor”

21. Floor Frame
Sub-Floor
Joist
End Joist
Girder

22. Floor Frame
Interesting Fact- Squeaky Floors are usually a sign of problems with the SUB-FLOOR

23. Step 5: Wall Frame
Purpose - supports the ceiling, upper floors, and roof
Also serves as a nailing base for wall finishes
Wall Studs - a vertical wall framing piece of wood

25. Sill Plate– support piece below a window
Sole Plate – support piece above the sub-floor
Header – support above a door or window
Top Plate- support piece at the very top of the wall frame. Usually Double.

27. Videos
Watch videos on how to build a FOUNDATION, FLOOR FRAME and WALL FAME
Write down the steps involved for building these in your notebooks… w s

28. Project
Work on Projects!

29. Bell Ringer /6
Please copy and answer the following question in your notebooks:
What needs to be fixed if you have a squeaky floor??
What piece can be found above BOTH a window and a door?

30. Objective
Recognize Components of Construction

31. Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
3. Ceiling/Roof
a. Ceiling joist
b. Rafters
c. Ridge
d. Roof truss/truss rafters

32. Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
C. Structural Roofing 1. Shingles 2. Slate/Tile 3. Metal 4. Insulation a. R-value b. Blanket c. Loose fill

33. Step 6: Ceiling and Roof Framing
Purpose – supports the roof
Roof Words to know:
Roof Truss
Rafter
Ceiling Joist
Ridge

34. Ceiling & Roof Frame Roof Truss – combines a joist and rafters
Made in the factory, delivered to the site
Come in different shapes (this can provide more or less attic space)
Rafter – support beams that extend from the exterior walls to the ridge (middle)

35. Diagonal beam = RAFTER
Horizontal beam = CEILING JOIST
TRUSS

38. Ceiling/Roof Frame Process
Trusses are built in the factory, shipped to the site
Trusses are stacked on top of the wall frame
3) Trusses are secured to wall frame with small metal plates.

39. 4) Roof frame is completed when covered with strong plywood sheets or other type of wood

40. House Frame
Videos: Continue Steps from Thursdays’ notes… Watch it all together!

41. Step 7: Roofing Protects the home’s interior from the weather
Material must be strong and weatherproof
Common roofing materials:
Asphalt: most often used because its fire-resistant
Fiberglass
Vinyl
Wood
Clay tile
Slate
Concrete tile
Metal

42. Shingles:
Thin pieces of material laid in overlapping rows that cover roofs
Applied after nailing black paper on the roof
The heavier the shingle, the longer its life will be.

43. Flashing Consists of strips of sheet metal Installed under the chimney
Insulates the roof from the chimney and prevents moisture from leaking through the roof openings

44. Water Protection
Gutters and downspouts: carry rainwater away from the foundation of the house

45. Step 8: Insulation
Material used to restrict the flow of heated or cooled air within a house to the outdoors.
Millions of tiny air pockets that resist the flow of heat through the material
R-value = resistance of a material to heat movement
Shows the capacity to resist winter heat loss and summer heat gain
The larger the R-value, the more resistance the material has for heat movement.

46. Types of insulation forms
Blanket
Board
Loose-fill

47. Blanket Available in the shortest rolls
Commonly used in attics, floors, walls, and around pipes and ducts

48. Board Higher in R- value per inch of thickness than the other forms
Higher in R- value per inch of thickness than the other forms
More expensive
Used between concrete and earth, around foundation walls, and on one side of the footing

49. Loose-Fill
Used in spaces where other types of insulating are difficult to install.
Also used in attics, inside frame walls, in cores of concrete blocks and as filler between other types of insulation
                       

50. Which Type?

51. Which Type?

52. Project
Work on Projects!
DUE 4/13

53. QUIZ 6.0 on FRIDAY Roof Styles Architectural Features
Construction Terms
Study!! LOTS of Vocab!

54. Bell Ringer /7
Sketch and label the parts of the ceiling frame.
Ceiling Joists
Rafter
Ridge
Truss
Which roofing choice requires stronger rafters and other framing members to support its extra weight?
A. Metal B. Shakes
C. Shingles D. Slate/Tile

55. Objective
Recognize Components of Construction

56. Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
D. Housing Systems 1. Electrical a. Panel box b. Receptacles/Ground fault 2. Plumbing a. Water supply b. Waste water removal E. Heating/Cooling 1. Forced air 2. Radiant heat 3. Heat pump 4. Portable

57. STEP 9: Electrical System
Electricity = movement of electrons along a conductor
Conductor- allows the flow of electrons and is usually a wire (power line)
Electrons follow a path from the source of the electricity to the device and back to the source. This is called a circuit
Ground Wire: electrical conductor that is connected to the earth that one needs to complete a circuit

60. Reduce Electrical fires and shocks
Have household wiring checked every 5 years
Have ground fault circuit interrupters (GFI) in kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoors

61. STEP 10: Plumbing System Water Supply
Water is supplied to home from a community water system
Enters the home through the “building main” pipe
Once in home, passes through softener and filter
Then goes through the hot water heater
Finally goes to the appliance or fixture

62. STEP 10: Plumbing System Waste Water removal
Must be removed from the house so that it does not harm you
Pipes are completely separate from water system pipes
Pipes are LARGER than those for water
When it leaves the house it goes to either a septic tank or a community sewer line

63. STEP 11: Heating/Cooling System
Heat Systems:
Conventional Systems
Uses electricity, gas, oil or coal
Based on availability of source and cost
Forced Air = Air heated by furnace and then delivered to room through supply ducts

65. STEP 11: Heating/Cooling System
Heat Systems:
Conventional Systems
Radiant Heat = Wiring Produces heating
Wire placed in ceiling, floor, or baseboards
High Electricity costs!

66. STEP 11: Heating/Cooling System
Heat Systems:
Conventional Systems
Central Heat-Pump = Electric refrigeration unit that heats and cools the house
A fan pushes warm/cold air through the house
Most efficient system in moderate/mild climates
Higher price, but it pays off in the long run

67. Heat Pump
Evaporative Coil
Furnace
Air Cleaner
Thermostat

68. STEP 11: Heating/Cooling System
Heat Systems:
Solar Panel System – uses the energy from the sun to heat the house
Saves money and is good for the environment!

69. STEP 11: Heating/Cooling System
Types of Heat Movement:
Conduction
Transfer of heat from a body of higher temperature to one of lower temperature by direct contact
Convection
Transfer of heat by means of air flow
Warm air rises to the highest point in a room/home
Radiation
Transmission of heat by means of rays traveling in straight line from a source
Example: Sun

70. STEP 11: Heating/Cooling System
Cooling Systems:
Air conditioners remove excess moisture while they cool and circulate air
Ventilation: supplying a home with fresh air and keeping air circulating throughout a home
Light colored roof will have a cooling reduction of %

71. QUIZ 6.0 on FRIDAY Roof Styles Architectural Features
Construction Terms
Study!! LOTS of Vocab!

72. Project
Work on Projects!
DUE 4/13