1. The Origins of Progressivism
Chapter 9
Section 1

2. Main Idea
Political, economic, and social change in late 19th century America led to broad progressive reforms.

3. What was the Progressive Movement?
Progressive movement – aimed to restore economic opportunities, correct injustices in American life, and return control of the government back to the people

4. 4 goals of progressivism
1. protecting social welfare
2. promoting moral improvement
3. creating economic reform
4. fostering efficiency

5. Protecting Social Welfare
Florence Kelley – became an advocate for improving the lives of women and children
Helped win passage of the Illinois Factory Act of 1893 (prohibited child labor and limited women’s working hours)
YMCA
Social Gospel and settlement house movements

6. Promoting Moral Improvement
Some reformers believed that morality was the key to improving the lives of poor people – improving personal behavior
Prohibition – the banning of alcoholic beverages

7. Creating Economic Reform
Muckrakers – magazine journalists who exposed the corrupt side of business and public life in the early 1900’s
Big businesses often received favorable treatment from government officials and in some cases held a monopoly in an industry (i.e. Rockefeller, Carnegie)

8. Fostering Efficiency
Scientific management studies – the application of scientific principles to increase efficiency in the workplace
“work smarter, not harder”
Assembly lines

9. Reform at the State level
Started by progressive governors, many states passed laws to regulate railroads, mines, mills, telephone companies, and other large businesses
Robert M. La Follette – governor of Wisconsin – targeted the railroad industry to regulate

10. Reforming Elections
Initiative – a bill originated by the people rather than lawmakers –on the ballot
Referendum – a vote on the initiative (voters instead of the legislature, accepted or rejected the initiative)

11. Reforming Elections cont…..
Recall – enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by a vote of the people

12. Direct Election of Senators
17th Amendment – an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1913, that provides for the election of U.S. senators by the people rather than by state legislatures

13. Women’s Suffrage
Chapter 9
Section 2

14. Facts
@ the beginning of the 20th century 1 out 5 women had jobs outside of the house
By 1890 women high school graduates outnumbered men high school graduates

15. Women in the Progressive Era
Because of:
Dangerous conditions
Low wages
Long hours
More and more women were being educated through high school and some through college

16. Suffrage Suffrage – the right to vote
As more and more women became educated, they felt more and more compelled to be allowed to vote and have the same rights and opportunities as men did.
Two women emerged as leaders for women’s suffrage:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony

17. NAWSA These two women together helped form the NAWSA
National American Woman Suffrage Association

18. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal
Chapter 9
Section 3

19. Main Idea
As president, Theodore Roosevelt worked to give citizens a Square Deal through progressive reforms.

20. Upton Sinclair Muckraker Wrote The Jungle
Told of the awful conditions of the meatpacking industry

21. Theodore Roosevelt became president in 1901 (McKinley was assassinated
@ 42 years old he became the youngest president ever to hold office

22. Square Deal Roosevelt saw the presidency as a “bully pit”
Program of progressive reforms designed to protect the common man against big business

23. Roosevelt in Office Trustbuster 1902 Coal Strike Railroad Regulation
Filed 44 antitrust lawsuits
1902 Coal Strike
Roosevelt’s administration intervened and helped solve the dispute
Railroad Regulation
Elkins Act – made it illegal to change or increase rates without notifying public in advance & no rebates could be given for using particular railroads
Hepburn Act – stictly prohibited the giving out of free railroad passes & set maximum rates

24. Roosevelt in Office cont….
Health and Environment
Meat Inspection Act (1906) – established strict cleanliness laws in the meatpacking industry
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) – halted the sale of contaminated foods and drugs and to ensure truth in labeling
Conservation – planned management of natural resources
Gifford Pinchot – Head of the U.S. Forest Service (under Roosevelt)

25. Civil Rights NAACP (est. 1909 by W.E.B. Du Bois)
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
The writings of Du Bois really made Americans change the way they thought about African-Americans

26. Progressivism Under Taft
Chapter 9
Section 4

27. Preservation of the Wilderness
Gifford Pinchot – head of the U.S. Forrest Service under President Roosevelt

28. Taft Becomes President
Secretary of War under Roosevelt
Ran against William Jennings Bryan in the 1908 election

29. Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Payne Bill – lowered rates on imported manufactured goods
Aldrich Bill – made fewer cuts than the Payne Bill and increased many rates
Payne-Aldrich Bill – compromise that moderated the high rates of the Aldrich Bill

30. The Republican Party Splits
Two sides of the Republican Party:
Progressives who sought change
Conservatives who did not

31. The Bull Moose Party
Roosevelt decides to run for election again in 1912
Taft supporters – Republicans
Republicans who supported Roosevelt split and formed their own party
Progressive Party – became known as the Bull Moose Party

32. Bull Moose Party Platform
Direct election of senators
Adoption in all states of the initiative, referendum, and recall
Advocated women’s suffrage
Workmen’s compensation
Eight hour work day
Minimum wage for women
And child labor laws
Federal trade commission to regulate business

33. Woodrow Wilson Democratic candidate in the election of 1912
Republican candidate – Taft
Progressive candidate - Roosevelt

34. Democrats win in 1912 Ran under a platform called “New Freedom”
Antitrust legislation
Banking reform
Reduced tariffs

35. Wilson’s New Freedom
Chapter 9
Section 5

36. Carrie Chapman Catt NAWSA’s president from 1900-1904 and again 1915.
Followed Susan B. Anthony

37. Tactics for Women’s Suffrage
1. painstaking organization
2. close ties between local, state, and national workers
3. establishing a wide base of support
4. cautious lobbying
5. gracious, ladylike behavior

38. 19th Amendment
1919
Granted women the right to vote

39. Wilson’s Financial Reforms
Two key antitrust acts:
Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
Sought to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
Prohibited corporations from acquiring stock from another if doing so would result in a monopoly
Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914
Established the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Given the power to investigate possible violations
Under Wilson, the FTC brought down almost 400 businesses engaging in illegal activity

40. Federal Reserve System
1913
A national banking system that controls the U.S. money supply and the availability of credit in the country
Still regulates the U.S. monetary policies today – still grants legal authority to issue legal tender
16th Amendment (strengthened the federal government)
Legalized a graduated federal income tax
Larger incomes were taxed at higher rates

41. Limits of Progressivism
Like Roosevelt and Taft, Wilson retreated on civil rights once in White House
Received the vote of the NAACP with promise to treat them equally.

42. Twilight of Progressivism
“Reform and Progress could not be part of an administration in which war plays the principal part” – Woodrow Wilson
World War I in Europe in 1914 – stalled the efforts of Progressives
By the end of Wilson’s 2nd term, Progressivism had died out