1. Ms.Rinta Rajan MSN (CVTS)
HEAD INJURIES
Ms.Rinta Rajan
MSN (CVTS)

2. HEAD INJURY/TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
Traumatic brain injury is an insult to the brain that is capable of producing physical , intellectual ,emotional , social and vocational changes.

3. ETIOLOGY Motor vehicle accidents Alcohol ingestion
Driving without seat belts
Assaults
Falls
Sports related injuries

4. MECHANISMS OF INJURY

5. Acceleration deceleration injuries
Rotational injuries

7. Deformation injury

9. Penetrating head injury

10. Types of craniocerebral trauma
PRIMARY INJURY
SECONDARY INJURY

11. PRIMARY INJURIES

12. Scalp injuries
LACERATION
Clean the wound
Debridement
Suturing

13. ABRASION
CLEAN THE WOUND
APPLY DRESSING

14. Scalp contusion
SPONTANEOUSLY RESOLVES
NO SPECIFIC TREATMENT

15. LINEAR FRACTURE
SKULL FRACTURES

16. BASAL SKULL FRACTURE

17. Depression fracture
Comminuted fracture

18. Brain injuries
Open head injury

19. Closed head injury

20. concussions

21. contusions

22. Diffuse axonal injury

23. Secondary head injuries

27. Diagnostic tests GCS Pupillary changes Brain stem reflexes Vital signs
Skull X Ray
CT Scan
MRI
PET
SPECT
Laboratory studies
Cerebral blood flow studies

28. Medical management Oxygenation Mannitol Maintain ICP Corticosteroids
Fluid replacement and fluid restriction
Sedation
Paralytic agents
Temperature control
Prevent hypovolemic shock
Prevent complications

29. Surgical management

33. Nursing management
Nursing management

34. Thank you