1. Reconstruction Presidential Reconstruction p. 366 - 371

2. Reconstruction The end of the Civil War was followed by a period in which the Southern states were gradually brought back into the Union. This period of rebuilding is called Reconstruction. Much of the South lay in ruins, and money was scarce. African Americans were free, but many were without food or shelter

3. Juneteenth Because of distance and the war, many African Americans did not immediately learn about the Emancipation Proclamation. On June 19, 1865, General Gordon Granger and 1,800 Union troops landed at Galveston and issued the proclamation. For enslaved Texans, June 19, 1865, was the day they celebrated their freedom. This day of celebration became known as Juneteenth.

4. Two Presidential Plans President Johnson set up a provisional government in each Southern state. The provisional government would govern until the state was readmitted. Johnston set certain requirements for voting. To regain the right to vote, Southern citizens were required to take an oath of allegiance to the United States. People who had at least 20,000 in cash or property would have to get a special pardon from the president. Once the people of the state met these requirements, they could write a new constitution and elect their own representatives.

5. Governor Hamilton Works to Restore Statehood President Johnson appointed Unionists to lead the provisional Southern governments. President Johnson appointed Andrew J. Hamilton as provisional governor.

6. The Freedmen’s Bureau Assists Freed Texans A Federal Agency known as the Freedmen’s Bureau assisted many African Americans throughout the South. Former slaves were often referred to as freedmen. The Bureau’s job was to provide relief to the thousands of people who had been left homeless by the Civil War. It was also the Bureau’s job to supervise the affairs of newly freed slaves in he Southern states and to manage Confederate land seized during the war.

7. The Freedmen’s Bureau Assists Freed Texans Oliver O. Howard, a Union Civil War general, headed the Freedmen’s Bureau nationally. General E.M. Gregory headed the Freedmen’s Bureau in Texas. The Freedmen’s Bureau operated for almost 5 years. It helped find jobs for freed Texans and issued food and clothing to the sick, aged, and poor. The Bureau established the first public schools in Texas for African Americans children.

8. Government Restored in 1866 In the fall of 1865, Governor Hamilton appointed hundreds of state and local officers to restore law and order in Texas. Texas elected delegates to a convention to write a new constitution for the state. The finished version of the constitution stated that secession was illegal, slavery was abolished, and the state war debts were canceled. It provided schools for African American children and extended certain legal rights to African Americans, but did not give them the right to vote.

9. People on the Move One of the tragic aspects of slavery was the separation of family members. The reunion of husbands and wives, and parents and children produced joyful celebrations. Unfortunately, many searchers were unsuccessful.