1.  By: Emma S, Katherine I, Tim H & Cory C

3. 3 different countries occupied Somalia in eighteenth century for different reasons BRITAIN(1839)Food, FRANCE(1862)Coal,ITALY(1862)Settlements 1960 Somalia given independence 1969 President assassinated and Maj. Gen. Mohamed Siad Barre takes over 1977 Somalia is at war with Ethiopia Leading into 1986 Siad Barre kept his power with a elite military group the Red Berets Who terrorized the populace 1990 Maj. Gen. Mohamed Siad Barre hides in military bunker 1991he flees the country because several of the major oppressed clans in the country rebel

4.  Born: October 6th, 1919  Died: January 2nd, 1995  Was the military dictator and President of the Somalia Democratic Republic from 1969-1991  Forced by opponents of his regime to flee Mogadishu  As commander of the armed forces, he had taken control of Somalia, in the Horn of Africa, in 1969.  In his last year in office, President Siad Barre promised reforms to introduce multi-party democracy.

6.  Born: December 15th, 1934  Died: August 2nd, 1996  Controversial Somalia military leader  Described as a “Warlord”  Former chairman of United Somalia Congress (USC)  Later led the Somalia National Alliance (SNA)  Lead the drive of president Mohamed Siad Barre regime from Somalia's capital Mogadishu  Supported the armed civilian fighters

8.  Head of the Islamic Courts Union (ISU) along side with Sharif Ahmed  Also the head of Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (AIAI)  Responsible for hundreds of terrorist attacks  Born in Dhusa Mareb,Somalia in 1935  Was a Somalia political figure who was added to the U.S government list of terrorists in 2001

10.  Born July 25, 1964  Born in the southern Shabeellaha Dhexe region of Somalia  Between 2009-2012, he was the President of Somalia  Previously served as the Commander in Chief of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU)  One of his “closest” allies is Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys

12.  Mohamed Siad Barre, president of Somalia, is forced to flee the country by the rebel forces in 1991  The Somali National Movement (SNM) gains control of the North  United Somali Congress (USC) controls Mogadishu (capitol) and southern Somalia  No stable government in Somalia anymore and this commences the two decade long civil war of groups trying to assert control over the country

13. Mogadishu is the capital of Somalia Various rebel groups are fighting for control of the city The UN and US intervene in 1992 and attempt to help the citizens regain control of their country “Black Hawk Down” –a US helicopter is shot down by armed Somalians, and the US army members are killed US and UN are forced to withdraw due to 19 deaths and 80 people wounded by multiple Somalian rebel groups

14.  ICU is the Islamic Courts Union created by Islamist organizations  Created in 2006 to fight against the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) who were in control of Somalia and formed in 2000  Has many radical groups within it, notably Al-Shabaab, which soul purpose is to fight against the government forces who were trying to assert control over Somalia  The ICU experienced a series of victories and was able to gain control from the TFG and force the TFG to retreat from all major cities

15.  Started in 2006  Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counterterrorism (ARPCT) was trying to take control back from the ICU  ARPCT was backed by the USA due to belief that the ICU had Al-Qaeda ties  ARPCT suffered a defeat due to vicious and well trained ICU militia

16.  Recently, in August of 2012 Somalia established a constitution and are on their way to having stability as a county.  From 2004 to 2012 the TFG (Transitional Federal Government) was established to provide Somalia with a substitute president until one could be elected.  September of 2012, Somalia’s president was elected

17.  Currently there are 17, 600 UN mandated peacekeepers in Somalia under the control of the African Union.  On November 3rd, 2012 the al-Qaeda linked group al- Shabaab were blamed for a double suicide bombing in Mogadishu.