1. THE MOST IMPORTANT WORD Viktoriya Gorbunova, O.B.Razmakhnina School 2 Morshansk

3. YOUR PERSONAL NAME

4. Anthroponomastics (or anthroponymy), a branch of onomastics, is the study of anthroponyms (anthropos, 'human‘ + onoma, 'name'), the names of human beings.

5. The main aim of our work the review of Russian and American first names defining their common and specific features.

6. Our plan to reach the aim to explore Russian and American anthroponymic systems; to find out main differences and similarities of Russian and American anthroponyms; to gather information about first names of Russian and American senior students; to compare the most popular Russian and American students’ names.

7. The hypothesis “Due to the multicultural structure of American nation, American first names are more diverse than the Russian ones.”

8. The object of the research is Russian and American anthroponyms, their origin, development and current existence. Russian and American first names are the research subject.

9. The topicality of the project “The child shall be registered immediately after birth and shall have the right from birth to a name …” The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 7

10. “What is a name?” “a word or group of words used to refer to an individual entity (real or imaginary). A name singles out the entity by directly pointing to it, not by specifying it as a member of a class.” Encyclopedia Britannica “a word or phrase that refers to or that can refer to a specific person, a specific place or thing or to a type or group of things”. Merriam- Webster’s Dictionary “a word or set of words by which a person or thing is usually known” Macmillan Dictionary

11. The anthroponym being researched first name (‘the name or names that come before your family name’) forename (British English formal ‘someone’s first name’) given name (American English ‘your first name’) Christian name (‘a person’s first name, especially when they are given this name in a Christian religious ceremony’)

12. Russian Pre-Christian names reflected person ’ s appearance: Бел, Черныш; Кудряш, Губа,Лобан person ’ s traits of character: Добр,Храбр,Горд,Молчан person ’ s place in the family: Первой, Второй, Друган,Третьяк the circumstances of the child ’ s birth:Богдан, Ждан, Неждан,Чаян, Нечай the time of birth of the child: Вешняк, Мороз, Зима the neighbouring people living nearby: Козарин, Татарин, Чудин different trades: Дуло, Ложка, Шуба the hospitality of Old Slavs : Будигость, Гостевид, Любогость, Old Slavs ’ peacefulness: Богумир, Добромир, Ратмир, Мирослава the power of Old Slavs ’ spirit: Владимир, Всеволод, Владислав, Ярополк, Богуслав, Жизнеслав, Звенислав, Изяслав, Переяслав

13. Russian Orthodox Christian names «Фёдор = Иван, Иван =Матвей». Theodor (Greek) Феодор ‘teo’ (meaning ‘God’) ‘dor’ (meaning ‘gift’) ‘a gift of God’ Иван = Йоханаан (Hebrew) Матвей (Hebrew) ‘given by God’

14. New names in the Soviet Period Мэлс (an acronym of Marx-Engels-Lenin-Stalin) Рэм (an acronym for revolution, Engels and Marx) Владлен (from Vladimir Lenin) Трактор (tractor) Электрификация (electrification)

15. American Indian names Ahyoka (meaning 'she brought happiness' in Cherokee), Winona (meaning 'first born daughter' in Santee Sioux), Atepa (meaning 'tent' in Choctaw), Iiniwa (meaning 'bison' from the Blackfoot), Lise (meaning 'salmon's head coming out of the water' in Miwok), Nindakando (meaning 'I watch and lie in ambush' from the Ojibwa), Teluhci (meaning 'bear making dust as it runs' from Moquelumnan)

17. Ancient English names Aelfe (elf) Hilde (war) Berne (baby) Tidi (time) Cyne (king) Godi (good) Fredi (peace) Leofe (beloved)

18. English Medieval names “During the Middle Ages there was a kind of race among half a dozen favourite names, the prevailing order being John, William, Thomas, Richard, Robert, with perhaps Hugh as sixth.” Weekley E. “The Romance of Names” Other Popular Names Peter, James, Michael, Philip, Simon, Luke, Mark (male) Mary, Joan, Agnes, Catherine, Margaret,Ann(e) (female)

19. Puritan names Free-GiftThankful ReformationPraise-God AshesSorry-for-Sin DisciplineMuch-Mercy Joy AgainSin-Deny From AboveFear-Not

20. Modern American name giving trends New spelling: (Charlotte – Sharlotte, Katherine – Kathryn, Candice – Kandes, Carolyn – Karolyn); Blendings: (Billie-Jean, Billie-Jo, Bobbi-Ann, Bobbi-Lee, Brooklyn, Danessa, Emilyann); Making surnames first names: (Washington, Lincoln, Franklin, Woodrow, Clinton); Using common nouns as given names: (Frost, Wolf, Fox, Bear, Ridge, Blue, Red, Grey, Olive, Clementine, Apple)

21. Comparative analysis of Russian and American first names Prattville high school (Alabama, the USA) Schools 1, 2, 3 and Gymnasium (Morshansk,Tambov region, Russia)

22. Morshansk schools stasistics (2014-2015 academic year) 655 senior school students 109 names 310 boys 345 girls 54 male names 55 female names

23. Most Popular Morshansk Senior Students’ Names

24. Prattville High School Sophomores 532 students 382 names

25. Not pictured personal names 4 unisex names: Honesty, Jesse, Sidney, Summer 4 names we cannot identify: Dachannel, Jadeja, Quantee,Kviewajtne

26. Popular Prattville High School Sophomores’ Names

27. The male names percentage Prattville sophomoresMorshansk senior students

28. The female names percentage Prattville sophomoresMorshansk senior students

29. Students having no namesakes

30. Gender definition of not pictured American students’given names Dachannel Daniel (m) Isabel (f) Aaliyah Kyah Makhiah (f) Eiijah Isaiah (m) Jadeja Quantee Charlee (m) (BUT IT IS A GIRL!) Kviewajtne Adreanne Jacquline Jazmine (f)

31. Paired names Александр – Александра, Валерий – Валерия, Виктор – Виктория, Евгений – Евгения, Олег – Ольга, Владислав – Владислава, Ян – Яна. Alexander – Alexandra, Alexandria, George – Georgia, Patrick - Patricia.

32. Unisex American Names KelseyAlexis HonestyJordan CourtneyAshton DallasSydney MadisonJesse HunterTaylor

33. Cross-cultural Christian name giving traditions John – Иван, George – Георгий, Mary – Мария, Ann/Ann(e)/Anna - Анна, Catherine/Katharyn/Katherine – Екатерина, Elizabeth – Елизавета Adam – Адам, Sarah – Сара

34. The ethnic background of names Malik (Arabian) Do Hyun (Korean) Yuhong (Chinese) Рауф (Arabic) Рави (Tatar)

35. Given names can indicate gender, birthplace, nationality, ethnicity, religion, position within a family

36. Names and cross-cultural conflicts name position Иван Петров / Петров Иван George Washington – Washington Irving – Irving Show transferring anthroponyms in the foreign language official documents (transliteration) Виктория – Viktoriya/Viktoriia Victoria – Виктория correct pronunciation of names Brandon [ ʹ brændən] Kelsey [ ʹ kelsı]

37. Names and legal problems (misspelling) Russian male names: Артём – Артем, Данила – Даниил Russian female names: Софья – София, Наталья – Наталия. American male names: Brandon – Brendon, Donovan – Donovon, Tristan – Triston, Stephen – Stephon, Taylor – Tayler, Christopher – Kristofer, William – Williiam. American female names: Adreann - Adrienne, Alexandra – Alexandria, Cayla – Kayla, Isabel – Isabella, Jamie – Jayme,, Laura – Lora, Loren – Lauren, Macie – Macy, Rachael – Rachel, Sara – Sarah, Stefany – Stephany, Caitlyn – Katlin – Katlyn, Catherine – Katherine – Katheryn, Hailee – Haley – Hallie.

38. The hypothesis of the research is partially proved. 655 Russian students – 109 given names 532 American students – 382 given names

41. “Having a name remains perhaps the most mysterious and fascinating human manifestation of language.” “Having a name remains perhaps the most mysterious and fascinating human manifestation of language.” Anderson J.M. “The Grammar of Names”

42. Thanks for your attention!