1. How to Build a MAN Last Update 2007.05.27 1.0.0 Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 1

2. Objectives of This Section Learn –What a MAN looks like in general Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 2

3. What is a MAN A MAN connects sites that are too far to walk to But you can drive there in a short while It uses some of the same technologies a WAN uses It may require a WAN service provider to be used Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 3

4. What is a MAN When we discussed the CAN just previous to this presentation nothing was said about right of way issues That is because most CANs stay on your property In some cases a CAN must cross a street but in general it stays in one location A MAN on the other hand by definition must go through somebody else’s backyard Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 4

5. Layouts for MANs A MAN is usually in one of two forms –Point-to-Point –Ring Although a star pattern as seen in a LAN and CAN is in essence just a bunch of point-to-point links, a star is not a normal layout for a MAN Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 5

6. Layers in MANs An ongoing argument concerning MANs is what to do about the data link layer As seen in the table a few slides down, the lower part of the physical layer is pretty well defined It consists of fiber optic cable carrying light divided into wavelengths, with each wavelength or lambda carrying a signal Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 6

7. Layers in MANs This is called DWDM – Dense Wave Division Multiplexing The next layer up is where the argument starts Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 7

8. Layers in MANs Right now everyone uses SONET for the most part The argument is - is this the best way to send data over long distances Some say no, just put IP directly on the fiber But others say you must still have a layer 2, since IP is layer 3 Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 8

9. Layers in MANs The argument then is what should this layer 2 be or is it even needed Options include –IP directly on fiber in some manner, such as PPP –MPLS used to organize IP –10 GB Ethernet –POS – Packet Over SONET –ATM Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 9

10. Layers in MANs Traditional RingPoint to PointDiscussed IP ATMPOS SONET IP DWDM Fiber Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 10

11. Point-to-Point MAN The simplest MAN just connects two locations Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 11 Building ABuilding B Cable

12. Point-to-Point MAN Made To do this fiber optic cable is laid underground from Building A to Building B At each end point a piece of equipment is used to connect the fiber Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 12

13. Point-to-Point MAN Loose Tube SM – Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 13

14. Point-to-Point MAN As a MAN link normally carries a lot of traffic, at each end point a fairly powerful box is required Equipment of this sort may also require a specialized external power supply, which is shown at the bottom of the rack A rack is also a good place to terminate the fiber that connects the two locations, this is the job of the patch panel at the top of the rack Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 14

15. Point-to-Point MAN Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 15

16. Point-to-Point MAN The Relay Rack Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 16

17. Point-to-Point MAN Fiber Optic Cable Patch Panel Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 17

18. Point-to-Point MAN Fiber Optic Cable Patch Panel which mounts in the cabinet in the two oval openings Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 18

19. Point-to-Point MAN SM Fiber Optic Cable SC Connector which mounts to the back side of the patch panel Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 19

20. Point-to-Point MAN Cisco 12000 Series Router/Switch with POS – Packet over SONET module Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 20

21. Point-to-Point MAN Power Supply Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 21

22. Send Data Point-to-Point The reason for the big, expensive Cisco Router/Switch is that we will be sending the data over a long distance, in this example say 30 kilometers This distance will require we use POS – Packet Over SONET Recall the layers discussed above Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 22

23. Send Data Point-to-Point When just connecting two points there is no need for the overhead ATM introduces, just form up the IP packets and deliver them to SONET at the physical layer Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 23

24. Ring MAN Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 24 Building A Building B Building C

25. Ring MAN Fiber optic cable is laid underground from point to point to point around a ring with a diameter of say 10 to 50 kilometers At each point a piece of equipment is used to connect to the fiber This equipment adds signals or removes signals, just like an on or off ramp for a freeway Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 25

26. Ring MAN A freeway loop around a city like 635 around Dallas or 820 around Fort Worth is a perfect example of what a Ring MAN looks like and the size they often are Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 26

27. Ring MAN Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 27 Loop 820 around Fort Worth

28. Why Use a Ring Shape The main reason for the ring and the expensive and bother associated with it and the access line methods used to send data over it is the ability of this combination to fix itself For example, notice that the ring above has two fiber optic cables shown This allows one set of fibers to fail, with the other taking over all of the load Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 28

29. Why Use a Ring Shape Further, both fibers can be cut and the ring will wrap to keep working Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 29

30. Why Use a Ring Shape Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 30 Building A Building B Building C

31. Equipment for a Ring MAN The equipment used for a ring shaped MAN is pretty much the same as that for a point-to-point MAN The major difference is the type of box at each point Rather than a Layer 3 Switch with a POS module as shown above, each on and off ramp or location on the ring MAN will use a device called an ADM Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 31

32. Equipment for a Ring MAN ADM - Add/Drop Multiplexor Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 32

33. Send Data on a Ring MAN ATM on top of SONET as seen in the diagram a few slides back is the preferred method right now for sending data for a MAN as large as the one described here The main reason for this is the ability of this combination to produce resiliency and ease OA&M – Operations, Administration, and Maintenance Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 33

34. Send Data on a Ring MAN As you should recall from the access line presentations SONET has excellent fault tolerance ATM makes excellent use of all available bandwidth Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 34

35. Send Data on a Ring MAN With the amount of traffic sent over a MAN of this size it makes sense to put up with the complexity of SONET and ATM in order to get back their administrative and fault tolerance capabilities Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 35

36. Other Issues Peculiar to a MAN As described above the equipment and method used to send the data over the medium length distances that constitute a MAN are no big deal The problem is ground – right of way – you can use to bury the fiber optic cable required to connect the sites This is the tricky part of making a MAN Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 36

37. Review What is a MAN Copyright 2000-2007 Kenenth M. Chipps PhD www.chipps.com 37