1. Cornel Style notes in your spiral notebook!

2. Microbiology The study of microorganisms, which are tiny organisms that live around us and inside our body. The study of microorganisms, which are tiny organisms that live around us and inside our body.

3. Organism A living thing that ingests and breaks down food for energy and nutrients, excretes undigested food as waste, and is capable of reproduction. A living thing that ingests and breaks down food for energy and nutrients, excretes undigested food as waste, and is capable of reproduction.

4. Microorganism A very, very small organism that you cannot see with your naked eye, and can be seen using a microscope. A very, very small organism that you cannot see with your naked eye, and can be seen using a microscope.

5. Types of Microorganisms Unfriendly Microorganisms Unfriendly Microorganisms An infection is caused by the infiltration of a disease- causing microorganism known as a pathogenic microorganism. An infection is caused by the infiltration of a disease- causing microorganism known as a pathogenic microorganism. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Yersinia pestis Yersinia pestis Friendly Microorganisms Friendly Microorganisms NOT all microorganisms are pathogenic! NOT all microorganisms are pathogenic! Many microorganisms help to maintain homeostasis in our bodies and are used in the production of food and other commercial products. Many microorganisms help to maintain homeostasis in our bodies and are used in the production of food and other commercial products.

6. Example of ‘friendly’ microorganisms: Flora – found in your intestines that assist in the digestion of food. Flora – found in your intestines that assist in the digestion of food. E. coli – found in your intestine that also assist in the digestion of food. E. coli – found in your intestine that also assist in the digestion of food.

7. Shapes of Bacteria: 1. The Coccus - The cocci are spherical or oval bacteria having one of several distinct arrangements based on their planes of division. arrangements a. diplococcus: cocci arranged in pairs 1. Example: Streptococcus pneumoniae b. streptococcus: cocci arranged in chains 1. Example: Streptococcus pyogenes

8. 2. The rod or bacillus - Bacilli are rod- shaped bacteria. Bacilli all divide in one plane producing a bacillus, streptobacillus, or coccobacillus arrangement. arrangement

9. 3. The spiral - Spirals come in one of three forms, a vibrio, a spirillum, or a spirochete. forms

11. How Small is a Microorganism? OrganismSize German Shepherd 1 Meter Human gamete (egg) from a female ovary 1 Millimeter Human Red Blood Cell 100 Micrometer A typical Bacterium cell 10 Micrometers A virus 10 Nanometers An Atom 0.1 Nanometers

12. Levels of Biological Organization atoms  Molecules  Organelles  Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organisms    

13. What makes a good research organism? 1. It must be able to reproduce quickly. 2. It must complete it’s life cycle in a reasonable time frame. 3. It must be safe to the researcher and others. 4. It must be susceptible to the treatments that is being done to the organism.

14. Types of Cells used in Biotechnology: VERO Cells – African green monkey kidney epithelial cells. HeLa cells – Human epithelial cells CHO – Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells E.coli – Most research companies, biotechnology labs, and pharmaceuticals uses E.coli.