1. Vaccines: HPV and HIV

2. Immune System

3. esophagus stomach Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to pathogens

4. CB 18.2 Pathogen: an organism that causes disease

5. Ebola E. coli Fungus from soil Phage virus various pathogens

6. Viruses only harm cells by invading them and using the cell to reproduce

7. Living organisms must fit all of the following criteria: 1. They must have organization. 2. They must have metabolism. 3. They must respond to the environment. 4. They must be able to reproduce themselves.

8. CB 6.6 A typical bacteria

9. lag exponential stationary The rapid growth of bacteria CB 52.12

10. CB 52.22 Human Population Growth

11. 36.4 9 2.3

12. 36.4 9 2.3 How much of our society is based on continuing population increases?

13. CB 6.6 A typical bacteria

14. What do bacteria do? from a human perspective Good Decay dead material Help digest food Protect body from “bad bacteria” Nitrogen fixation Produce oxygen Bad Cause disease –Food poisoning –STD’s –Cavities –Infections of skin or body Spoil food/infect crops

15. CB 54.17 The nitrogen cycle

16. Nitrogen as part of amino acids and nucleotides NNN

17. What do bacteria do? from a human perspective Good Decay dead material Help digest food Protect body from “bad bacteria” Nitrogen fixation Produce oxygen Bad Cause disease –Food poisoning –STD’s –Cavities –Infections of skin or body Spoil food/infect crops ~40% of planted food does not make it to table

18. Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics Evolution in Action:

19. What do bacteria do? from a human perspective Good Decay dead material Help digest food Protect body from “bad bacteria” Nitrogen fixation Produce oxygen Bad Cause disease –Food poisoning –STD’s –Cavities –Infections of skin or body Spoil food/infect crops ~40% of planted food does not make it to table

20. esophagus stomach Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to pathogens

21. The Immune System Non-specific: –barriers Specific : –B-cells -> antibodies –T-cells CB 43.2

22. Non-Specific Immune System Barriers: Skin- Dry Inhospitable Competition Secretions (lysozyme) Hairs and Mucus (protect openings) Traps particles, swallowed Stomach acid kills pathogens CB 43.2

23. Skin protects us from most pathogens

24. Non-Specific Immune System Barriers: Skin- Dry Inhospitable Competition Secretions (lysozyme) Hairs and Mucus (protect openings) Traps particles, swallowed Stomach acid kills pathogens CB 43.2

25. esophagus stomach

26. Non-Specific Immune System Barriers: Skin- Dry Inhospitable Competition Secretions (lysozyme) Hairs and Mucus (protect openings) Traps particles, swallowed Stomach acid kills pathogens CB 43.2

27. How do vaccines to work? By pre-activating the body’s immune system.