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Origins of European Printmaking Art 515 Kristofer Plona.

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1 Origins of European Printmaking Art 515 Kristofer Plona

2 Printmaking in the North -Development greatly impacted by the development of the printing press -Arguably the most important invention in a century of fine arts -Dramatic effects on social trends, politics, religion, education, and economy

3 Printmaking in the North -First instances of printmaking occur in the 14 th century as printed imagery appears on playing cards, tapestries, stained glass, and text illuminations -Earliest dated woodcut appeared in Brussels in 1418 -Initially, woodcuts served as affordable images for devotion; prints sold to pilgrims as proof of their travels to holy sites throughout Europe

4 Block Books Scene from Biblia Pauperum Ink on Vellum Bavarian State Library, Munich (World Digital Library) -Constructed by pilgrims -Religious in context -Used by clergy for educational purposes -Biblia Pauperum or “Pauper’s Bible” contained the sum of religious knowledge -Over 100 pages and 40 illustrations and bound -Linear prints and colored by hand by other artists or the owner of a given print

5 Block Books World Digital Library

6 Printing Press -Demand for cheaper books -Johannes Gutenberg, mid-1500s -First instance of movable type -First printed book was the Mazarin Bible ( also referred to as the “Gutenberg Bible”)

7 Gutenberg Bible -Combined movable type with hand-drawn illuminations -Printed in Latin; Three volumes -1,282 pages; 290 separate characters, 42 lines of text with two columns -Text illuminations signal the beginning of new verses -Origin of standardized spelling and grammar -Page breaks included Johann Gutenberg Page From 36-Line Bible Ink on Vellum The Library of Congress, Washington D.C. (World Digital Library)

8 Gutenberg Bible Worlds Digital Library

9 Map Making Martin Waldseemüller World Map w/ Gores Printed 1507 (Landau & Parshall)

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11 Map Making Martin Waldseemüller World Map w/ Gores Printed 1507 (Landau & Parshall)

12 The Woodcut Anton Sorg Devils Tormenting Abraham in His Cell Printed 1482 (Landau & Parshall) -Early woodcuts linear in nature with heavy outlines - Color, texture, value, and perspective an afterthought - Visual arts spiritual in nature

13 Albrecht Duerer Self-Portrait at 28 Oil on panel Alte Pinakothek, Munich

14 Albrecht Duerer Self-Portrait at 28 Oil on panel Alte Pinakothek, Munich Kristofer Plona Self-Portrait at 26 Digital Photography My Apartment, Milton

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16 Albrecht Duerer Samson Rending the Lion Woodcut / Woodblock British Museum, London (Landau & Parshall, 170)

17 Albrecht Duerer Rhinoceros Woodcut 1515 (World Digital Library )

18 14821497

19 Lucas Cranach the Elder St. George and the Dragon Chiaroscuro woodcut British Museum, London (Landau & Parshall, 186) Chiaroscuro woodcuts included multiple runs and colors 1)Blue (Solid Background) 2) Black (Linear Woodcut) 3) Gold (Highlights)

20 Printing Guilds Professional organizations borrowing from previously founded guilds Tools of metal workers, carpenters, sculptors, painters, illuminators, and weavers 1) Block making (maple, beech, cherry, etc.) 2) Image design for plate 3) Formschneider – cutting, carving 4) Rubricator – inks, papers, and printing

21 Master of Balaam St. Eloy in his Workshop Engraving Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (Landau & Parshall, 2)

22 Israhel van Meckenem Dance at the Court of Herod Engraving National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. (Landau & Parshall,58) Etchings and Engravings -Copper, brass, tin, and pewter plates -More durable than woodcuts -Larger editions possible -New tools developed: dry point and burin -Wide variety in line allows artists greater detail and full spectrum of value (lightness vs. darkness)

23 Works Cited Bitel, L., & Kelle, M. (n.d.). Devils Tormenting Abraham in His Cell. In Figurae. Retrieved April 30, 2012, from http://monasticmatrix.org/figurae/?function=summary&id=1229 http://monasticmatrix.org/figurae/?function=summary&id=1229 Parshall, Peter, and Rainer Schoch.Origins of European Printmaking.New Haven: YaleUniversity Press, 2006. Print The Self-Portraits of Albrecht Dürer (2012). In Art History. Retrieved April 30, 2012, from http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth200/artist/durer_intro.html http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth200/artist/durer_intro.html World Digital Library.United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, 7 Mar. 2012.Web. 8 Apr. 2012. from http://www.wdl.org/en/

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