1. Muscle Action Review … for Origin, Insertion & Action Test

2. Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint) Medially rotate the flexed knee (t/f joint) Extend the hip (coxal joint) Medially rotate the hip (coxal joint) Tilt the pelvis posteriorly Semitendinosus, TG pg. 306 (3 rd ) & 312 (4 th )

3. Depress the scapula (scapulothoracic joint) Abduct the scapula (s/t joint) Tilt the scapula anteriorly (s/t joint) If scapula is fixed: Assists with forced inhalation Pectoralis Minor, TG pg. 100 (3 rd ) & 92 (4 th )

4. Flex the shoulder (glenohumeral joint) Adduct the shoulder (g/h joint) Coracobrachialis, TG pg. 107 (3 rd & 99 (4 th )

5. Upper fibers: Bilaterally – Extends the head and neck Unilaterally – Laterally flex the head and neck to same side Rotate the head and neck to opposite side Elevate the scapula (scapulothoracic joint) Upwardly rotate the scapula (s/t joint) Middle fibers: Adduct the scapula (s/t joint) Stabilize the scapula (s/t joint) Lower fibers: Depress the scapula (s/t joint) Upwardly rotate the scapula (s/t joint) Trapezius, TG pg. 76 (3 rd ) & 68 (4 th )

6. Flex the elbow (humeroulnar joint) Supinates the forearm (radioulnar joint) Flex the shoulder (glenohumeral joint) Biceps Brachii, TG pg. 103 (3 rd ) & 95 (4 th )

7. Gluteus Maximus, TG pg. 309 (3 rd ) & 315 (4 th ) All fibers: Extend the hip (coxal joint) Laterally rotate the hip (coxal joint) Abduct the hip (coxal joint) Lower fibers: Adduct the hip (coxal joint)

8. Extends the shoulder (glenohumeral joint) Adducts the shoulder (g/h joint) Medially rotates the shoulder (g/h joint) Teres Major, TG pg. 79 (3 rd ) & 71 (4 th )

9. Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint) Laterally rotate the flexed knee (t/f joint) Extend the hip (coxal joint) Tilt the pelvis posteriorly Biceps Femoris, TG pg. 306 (3 rd ) & 312 (4 th )

10. Unilaterally: Elevate the scapula (scapulothoracic joint) Downwardly rotates the scapula (s/t joint) Laterally flexes the neck Rotates the head and neck to the same side Bilaterally: Extends the head and neck Levator Scapula, TG pg. 91-92 (3 rd ) & 83 (4 th )

11. Unilaterally: Laterally flexes the head and neck to the same side Rotates the head and neck to the opposite side Bilaterally: Flexes the neck Assists in inhalation (elevation of the rib cage) Sternocleidomastoid, TG pg. 250 (3 rd ) & 244 (4 th )

12. Unilaterally: With the ribs fixed, laterally flexes the head and neck to the same side (All) Rotates the head and neck to the opposite side (All) Bilaterally: Elevates the ribs during inhalation (All) Flex the head and neck (Anterior) Scalenes, TG pg. 253 (3 rd ) & 247 (4 th )

13. With the origin fixed: Abducts the scapula (scapulothoracic joint) Depress the scapula (s/t joint) Holds the medial border of the scapula against the rib cage If the scapula is fixed: May act in forced inhalation Serratus Anterior, TG pg. 94 (3 rd ) & 86 (4 th )

14. Flexes the vertebral column Rectus Abdominis, TG pg. 216 (3 rd ) & 210 (4 th )

15. All fibers: Abduct the shoulder (glenohumeral joint) Anterior fibers: Flex the shoulder (g/h joint) Medially rotate the shoulder (g/h joint) Horizontally adduct the shoulder (g/h joint) Posterior fibers: Extend the shoulder (g/h joint) Laterally rotate the shoulder joint (g/h joint) Horizontally abduct the shoulder (g/h joint) Deltoid, TG pg. 75 (3 rd ) & 67 (4 th )

16. Latissimus Dorsi, TG pg. 79 (3 rd ) & 71 (4 th ) Extends the shoulder (glenohumeral joint) Adducts the shoulder (g/h joint) Medially rotates the shoulder (g/h joint)

17. Gracilis, TG pg. 314-315 (3 rd ) & 321 (4 th ) Adducts the hip (coxal joint) Medially rotates the hip (coxal joint) Flexes the knee (tibiofemoral joint) Medially rotates the flexed knee (t/f joint)

18. Tensor Fasciae Latae, TG pg. 318 (3 rd ) & 324 (4 th ) Flexes the hip (coxal joint) Medially rotates the hip (coxal joint) Abducts the hip (coxal joint)

19. Piriformis, TG pg. 322 (3 rd ) & 328 (4 th ) Laterally rotate the hip (coxal joint) Abduct the hip when the hip is flexed

20. Peroneus Longus, TG pg. 369 (3 rd ) & 376 (4 th ) Everts the foot Assists to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

21. Vastus Lateralis, TG pg. 300 (3 rd ) & 306 (4 th ) Extends the knee (tibiofemoral joint)

22. Sartorius, TG pg. 320 (3 rd ) & 326 (4 th ) Flex the hip (coxal joint) Laterally rotates the hip (coxal joint) Abducts the hip (coxal joint) Flexes the knee (tibiofemoral joint) Medially rotates the flexed knee (t/f joint)

23. Tibialis Anterior, TG pg. 372 (3 rd ) & 379 (4 th ) Inverts the foot Dorsiflexes the ankle (talocrural joint)

24. Pectoralis Major, TG pg. 97 (3 rd ) & 89 (4 th ) All fibers: Adduct the shoulder (glenohumeral joint) Medially rotate the shoulder (g/h joint) Assist in elevating the thorax in forced inhalation (if arm is fixed) Upper fibers: Flex the shoulder (g/h joint) Horizontally adduct the shoulder (g/h joint) Lower fibers: Extend the shoulder (g/h joint)

25. Extensor Hallucis Longus, TG pg. 372 (3 rd ) & 379 (4 th ) Extends the first toe (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints) Dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint) Inverts the foot

26. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, TG pg. 150 (3 rd ) & 142 (4 th ) Flex the wrist (radiocarpal joint) Adduct the wrist (radiocarpal joint) Assist to flex the elbow (humeroulnar joint)

27. External Oblique, TG pg. 216 (3 rd ) & 210 (4 th ) Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side Rotates vertebral column to the opposite side Bilaterally: Flexes the vertebral column Compresses the abdominal contents

28. Triceps Brachii, TG pg. 105 (3 rd ) & 97 (4 th ) All fibers: Extend the elbow (humeroulnar joint) Long head: Extend the shoulder (glenohumeral joint) Adduct the shoulder (g/h joint)

29. Gastrocnemius, TG pg. 364 (3 rd ) & 371 (4 th ) Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint) Plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

30. Abductor Hallucis, TG pg. 378 (3 rd ) & 388 (4 th ) Abducts the first toe (metatarsophalangeal joint) Assists to flex the first toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

31. Extensor Digitorum Longus, TG pg. 372 (3 rd ) & 379 (4 th ) Extend the second through the fifth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints) Dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint) Evert the foot

32. Brachioradialis, TG pg. 141 (3 rd ) & 133 (4 th ) Flex the elbow (humeroulnar joint) Assist to pronate and supinate the forearm when these movements are resisted

33. Supraspinatus, TG pg. 83 (3 rd ) & 74 (4 th ) Abduct the shoulder (glenohumeral joint) Stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity

34. Adductor Hallucis, TG pg. 380 (3 rd ) & 390 (4 th ) Adducts the first toe Assists to maintain the transverse arch of the foot

35. Biceps Femoris, Tg pg. 306 (3 rd ) & 312 (4 th ) Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint) Laterally rotate the flexed knee (t/f joint) Extend the hip (coxal joint) Laterally rotate the hip (coxal joint) Tilt the pelvis posteriorly

36. Semimembranosus, TG pg. 306 (3 rd ) & 312 (4 th ) Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint) Medially rotate the flexed knee (t/f joint) Extend the hip (coxal joint) Medially rotate the hip (coxal joint) Tilt the pelvis posteriorly

37. Iliopsoas, TG pg. 326 (3 rd ) & 332 (4 th ) Flex the hip (coxal joint) Laterally rotates the hip (coxal joint) Adducts the hip (coxal joint)

38. Rectus Femoris, TG pg. 300 (3 rd ) & 306 (4 th ) Extends the knee (tibiofemoral joint) Flexes the hip (coxal joint)

39. Infraspinatus, TG pg. 83 (3 rd ) & 74 (4 th ) Laterally rotates the shoulder (glenohumeral joint) Adducts the shoulder (g/h joint) Extends the shoulder (g/h joint) Horizontally abducts the shoulder (g/h joint) Stabilizes the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity

40. Adductor Magnus, TG pg. 314 (3 rd ) & 320 (4 th ) Adduct the hip (coxal joint) Medially rotates the hip (coxal joint) Assists in flexion of hip (coxal joint) Extends the hip (coxal joint)

41. Brachialis, TG pg. 140 (3 rd ) & 132 (4 th ) Flexes the elbow (humeroulnar joint)

42. Rhomboid Major, TG pg. 90 (3 rd ) & 82 (4 th ) Adduct the scapula (scapulothoracic joint) Elevate the scapula (s/t joint) Downwardly rotate the scapula (s/t joint)