1. Tone and Voice Prepare to be thrilled. – Tone= sarcastic

2. Tone the writer's attitude toward the material and/or readers. This is the feeling the author is trying to convey or show to the audience through their written piece.

3. Tone Words Can be positive, negative, or neutral. They are usually “feeling” or emotion words: (i.e. happy, sad, confident, passionate, fanciful, accusing, mocking, flippant, loving, objective, matter-of-fact, taunting)

4. How does an author create tone? Diction –word choice of author Images- when an author appeals to the reader’s senses Details- Facts given can support attitude or tone Sentence Structure- How a speaker or writer constructs a sentence affects what the audience understands: Inverted Interrogative Short or long

5. Practice makes you perfect (or clinically insane...one of the two) Try to figure out the tone in the following passages. Look for: Diction Images Details Sentence Structure

6. I do not think that you are a bad person by any means. Your current behaviors seem to suggest that there is something going on that you can not rationalize and react to in a productive manner. That is called a defense mechanism. For instance, if a person is instructed to go directly home, but instead chooses to stop at various stores and arcades so as to pass the time. He may indicate that he does not want to spend time shopping and playing video games. He is, instead, showing an avoidance behavior that suggests he does not want to be home at all. Therefore, he prolongs getting there. You are displaying that behavior, and I do think it is more productive for you to address your feelings with your parents directly instead of evading them. Tone? Example: 1

7. Informative, Formal, Candid, Instructive, Authoritative How do you know that? Diction used? Use of pronoun “you”, vocabulary is strong “rationalize”, “productive manner”, “defense mechanism.” Images (there are none- too formal) Details- gives concrete examples with evidence to support argument Sentence Structure- Long! Complex sentences to display authority over “you.”

8. Oh – my – Gosh! You have no idea how much you scared me! There is no way I am going with you on a roller coaster again. I thought I was going to wet myself. You are such a jerk and I am never speaking to you again! Of all the things! Humph! Tone? Example: 2

9. outraged, furious, fearful How do you know that? Diction used? OMG! Jerk, Humph Images used? Wetting herself (Umm gross) Details used? Not many, just insults. This persons too upset to give long explanation Sentence Structure? Short, choppy sentences

10. Voice Voice is the author's style, the quality that makes his or her writing unique, and which conveys the author's attitude, personality, and character. This allows the reader to “picture/visualize” the speaker, whether it is the author or character.

11. How does an author create voice? Diction Images Sentence structure Subject: Sometimes what the character is talking about can give you insight…(death, parties, kids, high school etc…)

12. Voice Example 1 “I've got a fantastic boyfriend, and an even hotter guy to mack with behind the emergency generator when that boyfriend isn't around…And okay, I know it's wrong to make out with other guys when you have a steady boyfriend, but whatever. I'm having fun.”

13. Person you should visualize: Teenage Girl Word choice: “mack with” “but whatever” “even hotter guy” Subject matter: Fluff…relationship (obviously not serious) Sentence structure: Long and strung together Almost stream of consciousness

14. Voice Example 2 Each of these technological triumphs advanced the art of mass murder by a factor of a thousand. From Gettysburg to the block buster, a thousand times more explosive energy; from the blockbuster to the atomic bomb a thousand times more; and from the atomic bomb to the hydrogen bomb, a thousand times still more…in less than one century, our most fearful weapon has become a billion times more deadly. But we have not become a billion times wiser in the generations that stretch from Gettysburg to us.

15. Person you should visualize: Older, intelligent person Word choice: “technological triumphs” “art of mass murder” “a billion times wiser” Subject matter: Serious Sentence structure: Long but smooth transitions Repetitive words= intelligent writer

16. Please keep in mind: Tone and Voice are VERY similar BUT: TONE= whole passage VOICE= characters

17. Writing Theme Statements

18. Theme Statements The insight about human life that is revealed by the literature. A theme is on over-arching idea that can apply to literature from different time periods, poems and even movies. The theme is stated in at least one sentence or more. “For most young people, growing up is a process that involves the pain of achieving self-knowledge.”

19. Theme is not a moral A moral tells how to behave or what to do. Theme is an observation. Incorrect theme: The theme of “The Bass, the River and Sheila Mant” is that you shouldn’t try to be someone you’re not. Morals are for children's books— leave them there!

20. A theme is not a bumper sticker statement or a cliché Incorrect theme: The theme of “The Bass, the River and Sheila Mant” is that what comes around goes around.

21. Themes do not refer to the specific names or the events of the plot Incorrect theme: The theme of “BRSM” is that Sheila Mant is selfish and doesn’t realize she’s mean.

22. Wording to use Avoid shallow words like “anyone” “all” “none” “everything” “everyone” “you” Use terms that suggest a more realistic view of human experience like “we” “us” “society often” “people sometimes”

23. Thematic Vocabulary Alienation Ambition Appearance/ reality Custom/ tradition Betrayal Courage/ cowardice Women/ feminism Cruelty/ violence Defeat/ failure Chance/ fate/ luck Heart vs Reason Law/ justice Free will/ will power Greed Guilt Falsity/ pretense Dreams/ fantasies Loyalty Materialism Mob psychology Search for identity Scapegoat/ victim Innocence/ illusion Prejudice Social status Persistence Repentance Revenge Journey

24. Using the theme vocabulary, write a theme statement for a movie that you just saw or a book you just read. Be prepared to share it with the class.

25. “Everyday Use” Vocab Sidle Furtive Cowering listlessly Rifling Define the word/ find a synonym and use it in a sentence Recompose Doctrine Heritage Lamented Discordant