1. Sustainable Development is very critical in today’s world, and it is particularly important for you to have a world. CP551 Sustainable Development (3 credits) 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

2. Module 1: Components of sustainable development: environment, economy & society Games and group discussions to introduce the need for sustainable development in today’s world 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

3. “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Our Common Future (1987) Sustainable development as defined by Brundtland Commission: 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

4. Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland Former Prime Minister, Norway Former Chair/ World Commission on Environment and Development Earth Summit — the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992, and Agenda 21. Responsible for the broad political concept of sustainable development, published in the report “Our Common Future” in April 1987. Some landmarks for background reading

5. Dimensions of sustainability: 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini economic growth environmental protection social equity Three pillar/circles model

6. The Egg of sustainability: 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini ecosystem people International Union for the Conservation of Nature, 1994 Flows (stresses & benefits) from ecosystem to people Flows (stresses & benefits) from people to ecosystem

7. What do all these mean? 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini Let’s take a topic for group discussion to appreciate the need for sustainable development in today’s world

8. Sustainable Energy Could we reach it without re-organizing the entire energy system of the present? Topic for group discussion: 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

9. They are unsustainable and inefficient. Oil, Coal and Natural gas Popular Energy Sources: WHY? 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

10. How is electric power produced using oil, coal or natural gas? 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

11. How is electric power produced using oil, coal or natural gas? Diesel engine Gas Turbine (GT) Steam Turbine (ST) Combined Power Plant (GT & ST) 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

12. Comp- ressor atmospheric air Combustion Chamber fuel Gas Turbine gases to the stack Gen compressed air hot gases Gas Turbine Power Plant 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

13. atmospheric air gases to the stack (W GT ) out fuel Gen compressed air hot gases Combustion Chamber Comp- ressor Gas Turbine Gas Turbine Power Plant 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

14. atmospheric air gases to the stack (W GT ) out (W C ) in (Q CC ) in Gen compressed air hot gases Heat Loss Combustion Chamber Comp- ressor Gas Turbine Gas Turbine Power Plant 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

15.  = (W GT ) out (W C ) in (Q CC ) in - = 22 – 28% Energy Loss (Q CC ) in - [ (W GT ) out - (W C ) in ] = = 72 – 78% of heat released by the fuel for 50 to 100 MW plant Gas Turbine Power Plant 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

16. Steam Turbine Gen Steam Turbine Power Plant 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

17. C saturated water hot gases Steam Turbine Gen compressed water superheated steam Condenser Pump cooling water wet steam Steam Generator Steam Turbine Power Plant 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

18. C saturated water hot gases Gen compressed water superheated steam cooling water wet steam (W ST ) out Pump Steam Turbine Condenser Steam Generator Steam Turbine Power Plant 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

19. C saturated water Gen compressed water superheated steam cooling water wet steam (W ST ) out W P in (Q SG ) in Pump Steam Generator Steam Turbine Condenser Steam Turbine Power Plant Heat Loss 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

20. C saturated water Gen compressed water superheated steam wet steam (W ST ) out W P in (Q SG ) in Pump Steam Generator Steam Turbine Condenser Steam Turbine Power Plant Heat Loss 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini Heat Loss

21.  = (W ST ) out (W P ) in (Q SG ) in - = 30 – 40% Energy Loss (Q SG ) in - [ (W ST ) out - (W P ) in ] = = 60 – 70% of heat released by the fuel for 200 to 800 MW plant Steam Turbine Power Plant 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

22. atmospheric air fuel GT gases to the stack C hot gases ST cooling water Combined Power Plant 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

23. atmospheric air fuel GT gases to the stack ST C hot gases ST cooling water Combined Power Plant Heat Loss 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

24.  = Heat released by fuel Net Work out at GT & ST =36 – 50% Energy Loss = 50 – 64% of heat released by the fuel for 300 to 600 MW plant Combined Power Plant 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

25. Nuclear Power Plant 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

26. Nuclear Power Plant Source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-power2.htm

27.  = Heat released by nuclear fuel Net Work out at ST =31 – 34% Energy Loss = 66 – 69% of heat released by the fuel for 500 to 1100 MW plant Nuclear Power Plant 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

28. According to the 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics when heat is converted into work, part of the heat energy must be wasted Power generation type Unit size (MW) Energy wasted (MW) Diesel engine10 - 307 – 22 Gas Turbine50 - 10036 – 78 Steam Turbine200 - 800120 – 560 Combined (ST & GT)300 - 600150 – 380 Nuclear (BWR & PWR)500 - 1100330 – 760 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

29. Where does all the lost heat go? 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini In cogeneration application, waste heat from power plant is used for domestic or industrial heating purposes (efficiency goes up to 80%). But cogeneration applications do not exist always by the power plant facility, as in Sri Lankan thermal power plant sites.

30. Oil, Coal, Natural gas and Nuclear fuel are unsustainable and inefficient, √ 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini owing to the heat to work conversion. in power plants, automobiles……………….

31. Oil, Coal, Natural gas and Nuclear fuel are unsustainable and inefficient, ? 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini √ owing to the heat to work conversion. in power plants, automobiles……………….

32. waste heat Picture source: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/75/164341428_3243f50012.jpg Coal Power Plant south-west of Düsseldorf and Neuss, Germany – closer angle Heat is lost to the atmosphere 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini

33. waste heat Coal Power Plant south-west of Düsseldorf and Neuss, Germany – closer angle CO 2 11 Jan 2008 R. Shanthini H2OH2O what more is lost? Picture source: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/75/164341428_3243f50012.jpg SO 2 NO x PM the global pollutant and a common slayer