1. CJ 407- Crisis Negotiations
Unit 3 Seminar
CJ 407- Crisis Negotiations
Crisis Stages
Tina Mainwaring

2. Crisis Stages
Crisis Stages 
This week in seminar we will discuss the different stages of a crisis. A crisis will be defined and the goals and behavior of the negotiator in each stage will be discussed.

3. Unit 3 Seminar Unit 2 Essays are past due!
Unless you have contacted me prior to the start of Unit 3, late penalties are accruing on work that has not been submitted.
Why not take the time to submit it?

4. You are there…now what???
What must first officers on site be responsible for ?

5. Isolation
Containment
Evaluation
First Report
and first contact

6. Picking up where we left off…… a short unit 2 rewind
Tactical arrives on scene - what next?

7. Rewinding continued……
The arriving tactical officers should be:
Replacing the backup officers on the inner perimeter,
Allowing the uniformed officers to report to the command post for operational debriefing and then be reassigned to reinforce the outer perimeter.

8. Staging, Command and Control
All personnel assigned should be made aware of the included and excluded description of areas and reference points, police positions, command post locations,
Establish physical and organizational boundaries for their operations.
Establishing inner and outer perimeters and cordons allow containing the crisis objective into sterile zones.

9. All personnel assigned should be made aware:
of the included and excluded description of areas
reference points,
police positions,
command post locations,

10. Secured Perimeter and Staging Area
Law enforcement support services staging areas with VIP and media briefing positions.
Access into and out of the objective, through cordons, are required for evacuating persuaded people.
Cordoning an area also limits:
unauthorized personal
media communications,
food, water.
Why limit these?

11. Demands, Control, Compromise?
What else should be limited and why?
Utilities such as water,
heat,
air conditioning,
cable,
natural gas or oil heating &
cooking fuel.
(picture taken from but I found it to be interesting and applicable, the language. NOT endorsing this site, or even suggesting that you should go to it at all!)

12. These then become negotiable utilities.
These are desirable for both negotiator and hostage taker/person in non-hostage situation.

13. Command
disseminate the command and control (logistics, liaison and coordination), communications and intelligence
Site security, access control, operational, administrative, communications, financial, supply, liaison and intelligence personnel check in; helicopter landing sites with ground and air vehicles parking control; VIP and media briefing areas; staff arrival and scheduling, assembly, staging and departure areas; electrical and telephone control; toilet, medical, mental health, legal advisory, feeding and sleeping areas. Communications equipment often includes multiple frequency and interagency radios; landline, cellular and satellite telephones; broadband cable, internet and standard broadcast television; teletype and NLETS/NCIC/TECS/EPIC/DOD with state criminal history and personal credit history computer access.

14. One Command Post or Two?
You may have a strategic command and a tactical operations command depending on the size of the event.

15. Negotiators:
Crisis Negotiation Teams are used to resolve a myriad of incidents
Negotiators must have special training, special skills, knowledge and police experience.

16. Review of some Incident Types
Barricaded subject,
Trapped armed robbers,
Hostage situations,
Stalking victims and perpetrators,
High risk suicide,
Mental health warrants,
High risk warrants,
Gang violence
Applying stress reducing debriefing techniques to crisis victims, police officers and other public service employees.

17. Negotiation: Crisis Intervention
What are instrumental demands?
These are physical types of demands such as money, cars, escape, no arrest, etc….

18. Negotiation: Crisis Intervention
concrete and specific demands
car,
helicopter,
wife or girlfriend > Why this one?

19. Negotiation: Crisis Intervention
What are expressive demands?
Expressions of things such as anger, frustration, yelling, screaming….
In some cases, they are looking for attention,
In other cases, may be an expression of power…or at the least, an attempt to assert power over the situation.

20. Hostage Incidents vs. Non-Hostage Incidents
one in which a subject holds other people in order to force a third party to comply with his or her substantive demands.
Substantive demands:
Those that the subject does not believe will be meet without the use of hostages.

21. Substantial demands involve tangibles that can be traded.
A False Dichotomy :
Expressive demands are those that involve need to express intense emotion
Substantial demands involve tangibles that can be traded.
Dichotomy: a separation into two divisions that differ widely from or contradict each other

22. Hostage Incidents vs. Non-Hostage Incidents
People are hostages not leverage.
Hostage taker is usually rational negotiation techniques our strategy of choice.
These are demands no one would expect to be fulfilled.

23. Hostage Incidents vs. Non-Hostage Incidents
Non-hostage incidents involve the subject acting out of emotion, having ill-defined goals, and making no substantive demands-expressive demands.
Any thoughts on an example of this?

24. Hostage Incidents vs. Non-Hostage Incidents
Types of demands may vary.
Risks to hostage victim differ.
Strategies and tactics vary
Length of time to resolve varies as a function of the incident,
State of mind of subject varies.

25. Types of Sieges: Under Siege??? Deliberate Siege Spontaneous Sieges
Anticipated Sieges

26. Deliberate Siege the subject or subjects initiated the confrontation.
Incident is designed to bring attention to subjects causer point.
Involve substantial demands.
People are bargaining chips

27. Spontaneous Sieges
Subject does not want or anticipate the authorities involvement.
Motivation is usually personal
Demands expressive
Person held is usually victim in the making or a hostage.
Subject’s state of mind is usually emotional.
Often influenced by alcohol or drugs
Crisis intervention techniques are the strategy

28. Anticipated Sieges
Subject expects authorities to initiate a counter
Subject’s goal is to survive and maintain freedom
Demands are generally substantive
This means?

29. Anticipated Sieges
People involved are usually follow words or family members.
Motivation is political or religious.
Preparations have been made.
Rational approach.
Active listening and bargaining techniques in approach.

30. S.A.F.E. The S.A.F.E. Model/Mitchell Hammer, Ph.D. Face Emotions
in McMains and Mullins:2010
Substantive demands made by subject.
Affiliation needs –
liking and trust -
involved in the relationship
Face
subject needs to save face
Emotions
there is a need to attend to advantage the emotions of the subject

31. Four triggers for the escalating crisis situations:
Substantial demands:
the wants/demands made by the parties.
This includes subject in negotiator
First demands are rarely expected to get met.
Taking a position interferes with the relationship.
Position bargaining either leads to conflict about positions or assaults on self-esteem or leads to withdrawal from conflict and avoid some of the other.
Always be ready for agreement
The goal is always to reconcile the conflicting interests not to positions

32. Four triggers for the escalating crisis situations
Attunement : the rational trust established between parties.
Separate the person from the problem.
Trust and liking are easier to build if it is clear that you're listening.
Suggested guidelines separate the relationship from the substance
deal directly with the relationship.
Put yourself in their shoes.
Don't deduce their intention from your fears.
Don't blame them for your problem.
Discuss each other's perception.
Look for opportunities to act inconsistently with others expectations.
Give them a stake in the outcome by making sure they participate in decision-making.

33. Four triggers for the escalating crisis situations
Face:
self image of each of the parties is threatened and seeks honor.
everyone is playing to an audience and saving face is always an issue.
Negotiators are people.
Don't identify reasons for need to save face and don't personalize the challenge
minimize conflict - consciously separate the person from the problem always communicate respect understand he or she needs to save face

34. Four triggers for the escalating crisis situations
Emotions: degree of emotional distress experienced by parties
Recognize and understand emotions: errors in your words.
May commotions explicit recognize them as legitimate
Allow other side to let off steam
Don't react to emotional outbursts
Use symbolic gestures -- acting in the way they do not expect.
Remember: when the subject makes a substantial demand, the negotiator’s goal is to bargain or problem solved with the subject to achieve a peaceful surrender.
>Emotional people have difficulty seeing a peaceful surrender.

35. It’s A Wrap Any questions for this week?
Remember, minimum of 3 discussion posts on each board
Spell Check
Writing Center and Purdue Owl
Systems Check on Desktop Page
Have a great week, and Stay Safe!