1. Communism & the beginning of the Cold War 1945-1991

2. Background on communism Founded by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels in 1848 when they wrote the Communist Manifesto Marx & Engles believed that “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.” Marxist/communist view of history: hunter-gatherers  agriculture  feudalism  capitalism  socialism  communism (last stage of history)

3. Communism (continued) Communism pitted the bourgeoisie (middle class) against the proletariat (working class) Marx & communists argued for greater control of property & money by the state; this would be a precursor to the ultimate goal of communism: a stateless, classless society Communists wanted a complete abolishment of private property eventually

4. Some things to remember: Since 1848, communism has meant different things to different people If you ask 1000 Christian what Christianity is, you’ll get 1000 different answers; same with communism Usually, Marxism = communism Socialism does not always equal communism

5. Russian Revolution of 1917 During WWI, the Russian army, economy, & government collapsed Communists led by V.I. Lenin took control of the government, thus establishing the first communist state in the world Lenin had his own version of Marxism, believing a revolutionary party was needed to establish socialism and then communism by force, and to establish a dictatorship of the proletariat

6. How did this help start the Cold War? Lenin, Stalin, & the USSR did not sit idly by and wait for the proletariat to revolt, as Marx seemed to; instead they promoted & agitated for communist revolution

7. OPVL Practice: Origin: who? Where? Date? Purpose: why? Is it trying to persuade? Who is the intended audience? Value: what does it say about the author and/or event being described? Limitations: any biases or omissions?

8. Speech by President Truman, March 12, 1947

9. Truman Doctrine & Containment Truman Doctrine: U.S. would support Greece & Turkey economically & militarily against communist aggression Containment: U.S. policy “containing” communism where it already exists, but actively intervening in certain cases to stop its spread

10. Speech by Winston Churchill @ Westminster College in Missouri, March 5, 1946

11. The “iron curtain” Iron curtain: symbolic term given to the division of Europe between capitalist/democratic areas and communist/Soviet areas

12. Divided Europe Blue/democratic countries alligned w/ U.S.: Spain, Portugal, France, UK, Belgium, Netherlands, West Germany, Denmark, Italy, Greece, Turkey; Pink/communist countries: East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, USSR Green/non-Soviet communist: Yugoslavia; Gray: Ireland, Switzerland, Austria

13. Divided Germany & Berlin

14. Original NATO Members:

15. HUAC: House Un-American Activities Committee

16. Marshall Plan: Propping up Europe

17. Korean War breaks out in 1950

18. The Korean War: 1950-1953

19. The 1950s Eisenhower administration Consumer culture & economic prosperity The baby boom Rock n Roll Beginning of the Civil Rights Movement

21. Launch of Sputnik: Oct 1957

22. American Reaction to Sputnik

23. Sputnik I