1. The Origins of the State Modern Political and Economic systems.

2. What is needed to be a “country”?  Population  Territory  Sovereignty  It is neither subordinate nor responsible to another authority.  Government

3. Origins of the State  The Force Theory  One person or group claimed control over an area and forced all to submit to their rule.  Once rule established, the other elements were present.

4. Origins of the State  The Evolutionary Theory –  The state developed naturally out of early families. The father was the “head” and thus “government.”  Family – Clan – Nation.

5. The Origins of the State  Divine Right Theory  God gave some the right to rule.  Genetically passed on.

6. Origins of the State  The Social Contract Theory –  Developed by John Lock and Thomas Hobbes in England. Jean Jacques Rousseau in France.  THE BASIS FOR OUR GOVT!

7. Social Contract Theory  Man lived in a “state of nature.” – considered it an “unpleasant condition.”  By contract, men joined together and agreed to work together.

8. Distribution of Power The geographic distribution of power. UNITARY – centralized government. Single central agency. FEDERAL – Division of powers. We have a national government and then 50 state governments. CONFEDERATE – States are equal.

9. Participation in Govt.  DICTATORSHIP!  Authoritarian where those in power have total authority over the people.  Totalitarian where those in power have total authority over all aspects of peoples lives.

10. Dictatorships  The people have no say.  Often dictators are militaristic.  Take power by force and lose it by force.

11. Democracy  Supreme political authority rests with the people.  Government is conducted only by and with their consent.

12. Types of Democracy  Direct Democracy  Indirect Democracy OR Representative Democracy OR REPUBLIC.

13. RULES of DEMOCRACY  Fundamental worth of individuals.  Equality of all persons.  Majority rule and minority rights.  Necessity of compromise.  Individual Freedom.

14. Who controls the resources?  The questions what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce.  Capitalism, Free Enterprise, Market Economy.  Communism, Command Economy  Socialism, Mixed-Economy.

15. Capitalism / Free Enterprise / Market Economy  The people make most of the decisions and can do what they want with their resources (most of the time).  Very little government involvement.

16. Capitalism / Free Enterprise / Market Economy  If people make good decisions – they make profit.  In Capitalism – people should be able to keep their profits.  Little if any taxation.

18. Communism or Command Economy  The government (dictator) decides what will be produced and who gets to have land and resources.  Mostly it all belongs to them!

19. Communism or Command Economy  It means that the dictator and his favorites get rich.  Everyone else lives in poverty / starvation.

20. Socialism or Mixed Economy  The government owns some of the resources, and people own the rest.  Sometimes government is in competition to get better prices for the people.

21. Socialism or Mixed Economy  Sometimes government “owns” the resources that are considered necessaries for the public.  Utilities (electricity, water, phone, transportation)  Medical Care???

22. Socialism or Mixed Economy  Sometimes it means that government taxes the rich more to make the wealthy a little more “equal” to the poor.