1. DEVELOPMENT OF COLONIES
ECONOMY-FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

2. SOUTHERN ECONOMY
CITIES: Still found in South; region predominantly developed as a rural society of self-sufficient plantations
Reduced importance of ports, shops, bakeries, markets

3. CASH CROPS Grown for sale rather than for feed
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina:
Tobacco
South Carolina, Georgia:
Rice
Indigo

4. TRIANGULAR TRADE
Triangular Trade- goods and enslaved people were exchanged across the Atlantic Ocean
Middle Passage- voyage bringing Africans to West Indies and N. America
European traders would brand Africans in West Africa to identification purposes
13% of Africans who boarded ships crossing the middle passage died (quote pg. 33)

5. TRIANGULAR TRADE

6. AFRICAN SLAVERY 80-90% of Africans worked plantation fields
Others were domestic servants
African Culture did not diminish in the Americas
Music, Dance, Storytelling traditions continued
Slave resistance occurred as early as 1739
Stono Rebellion (Pg. 33)

7. NORTHERN ECONOMY Based on manufacturing and trade
By 1770’s 1/3 of British ships were built in colonies
Boston, New York, Philadelphia: major trade ports
1700’s: 463,000 Europeans migrate to America
Farming in North
Cash crops produced such as wheat and corn
Slavery still existed in N. and Middle Colonies

8. ENGLIGHTENMENT
Renaissance- emphasis on reason and rational thought to solve world’s problems
Less reliance on God, Bible
Result: discovery of natural laws/principles that governed world and human behavior
Copernicus: Sun is center of universe
Galileo: Father of modern science/astronomy
Newton: 3 laws of motion

9. ENLIGHTENMENT CT’D
Works during Renaissance resulted in Enlightenment- philosophic value placed on reason and scientific method
Popular in Colonies
Books and Pamphlets produced containing ideas
High literacy rate amongst Northerners
Enlightenment: Science and logic replace bible and church authority
Is it logical that all humans are born with natural rights? (John Locke, Thomas Jefferson)

10. GREAT AWAKENING
Series of religious revivals aimed at restoring intensity of Puritan church
Coincided with Enlightenment (Mid 18th C.)
Great Awakening message from Puritan Preacher Jonathan Edwards- Pg. 36
Example of aggressive revival
Emotion, fear used as tools

11. RESULTS OF MOVEMENTS ENLIGHTENMENT GREAT AWAKENING Reason-based
Traditional authority was questioned
Concept of Natural Rights resulted in Colonists questioning Britain’s right to rule them
GREAT AWAKENING
Emotion, Fear
Loyalty to Puritan/Anglican religions was abandoned due to newer, more emotional religions
Example: Baptists, Methodists

12. TENSIONS WITH FRANCE France: Empire expanding in N. America
Controlled lands west of English Colonies
Ohio River Valley: West of Pennsylvania and Virginia
Fertile farmland with large river ways draining to New Orleans
1754: French Colonists build Fort Duquesne in region
PROBLEM: Virginia Gov granted land to English farmers

13. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
VA Governor: Sends militia to remove French at Fort Duquesne in 1754
Begins French and Indian War
French defeat Virginian Militia
Led by 22-yr old George Washington
1 year later, British send 1,500 soldiers to attack Fort Duquesne
French formed alliance Native Americans
Ambushed British; forced retreat

14. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
British King George II appointed William Pitt as key political/military advisor
British began winning series of battles against French; gained alliance of Iroquois Tribe
1759- British win key battle at Quebec City; win war
1763- Treaty of Paris signed
G.B claims Canada, N. America east of Miss. River
Spain claims lands W. of Miss. River
France all but eliminated from N. American claims

15. EUROPEAN CLAIMS IN AMERICA 1754 1763

16. NATIVE AMERICAN IMPACT
French Colonists were more hospitable to Native Americans than British were
Pontiac: Native American leader who captured 8 forts in Ohio valley
Proclamation of 1763: Established line along Appalachian Mountains
Forbid English from settling in Ohio Valley
Largely Ignored; Tensions continued