1. Beyond Job Analysis 3 Ways of looking at work Industrial Engineering Human Resource Management Human Relations

2. Industrial Engineering Approach person-machine production unit Emphasize efficiency Roots in F.W. Taylor’s Scientific Management –Study job, seek the “one best way” to do it –Train employees in the new best way –Share productivity gains among shareholders

3. Industrial Engineering Very effective Can be taken to extreme Some forgot about gainsharing among all stakeholders Modern fields of human factors pyschology and industrial engineering

4. Human Resource Management Approach Match People to Job Demands and Job Demands to People Design work, hire for skills, train to close gaps Very effective

5. Human Relations Approach Examine the psychological aspects of work, how people can sustain themselves and have high quality work life Roots in Hawthorne Studies Hackman and Oldham’s Job Characteristics Model Emphasis on positive employee reactions, rather than efficiency

6. Hackman and Oldham Model Core Job Characteristics Internal Psychological States Individual/Organizational Outcomes Growth Need Strength as moderating variable Mixed success

7. Integration The Socio-technical Systems Model Focus both on task and person doing work Balance efficiency and psychological needs Very effective