1. GLOBALIZATION & ANTHROPOLOGY

2. GLOBALIZATION Kottak considers two meanings:  1. Fact: spread and connectedness of production, distribution, consumption, communication, and technologies across the world  2. Contested Ideology and policy: effects by IMF, World Bank, WTO, and other international financial powers to create global free market for goods and services  Very political

3. GLOBALIZATION Economic globalization Political globalization Cultural globalization Can be evaluated separately or together. Most of the time all three will invoke some influence

4. ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION Process of ____________________between two countries Result is the emergence of a ___________or a single world market

5. ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION Typically involves large capital investments  1.  2.  3.  4.

6. POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION Under globalization, politics can take place above the state through __________________ ___________/ Control from ______________

7. CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION Phenomenon by which the experience of everyday life reflects a standardization of cultural expressions around the world. Influenced by the ________________________ Culture is the most visible ________________________

8. “PRISONERS OF GEOGRAPHY” Location, Location, Location  What is Economic Geography?  __________________________________

9. “PRISONERS OF GEOGRAPHY” Infrastructure Development  Example: Kenyan rail system

10. “PRISONERS OF GEOGRAPHY” Technological Development  Agricultural  Malaria connection  ___________________ Integration  Additional sources of remoteness

11. “PRISONERS OF GEOGRAPHY” The world faces a double divide: Income inequalities are vast between nations and the gab between rich and poor is growing rapidly within some nations Q: Should developed nations be more concerned about the gap in wealth between nations, or the growing gap within many nations?

12. ENVIRONMENT

13. ENVIRONMENTAL ANTHROPOLOGY Study of cultural adaptations to the environment “assists policy-making and program planning by combining expertise in ecology with methods and tools for understanding of the social and cultural dynamics of communities potentially affected by policy decisions,” (Society for Applied Anthropology, 2014, para.3) Ethnoecology:

14. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Defined as:  Global warming, plus changing sea levels, precipitation, storms, and ecosystem effects  Greenhouse effect:  Warming caused by trapped atmospheric gases Anthropogenic: ______ _________________ ____________________ __________________ (Kottak, 2013, p355)

15. FORCES OF CHANGE Critical signal of change – melting of glaciers and other ice masses  Melting of ice = ___________ Example: Ice fields of Mt Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) have shrunk by 80% over the last century

16. Global Warming - Why be concerned?  ___________________________________  Food supply, droughts, increase in sea level, etc  Somalia – recent drought; 7month long famine; 750,000 deaths (BBC source)  Human Health – ____________________________________ ______________________________ FORCES OF CHANGE

17. DEFORESTATION Often demographically driven --- ____________ Example: Madagascar

18. TOUGH CHOICES FOR THE DEVELOPING WORLD Long-term development strategies  ______________  Invest with a hope of long-term economic success  Drawbacks:  Rewards aren’t guaranteed  Require big investment to get big payout  Subject to political and economic climate

19. TOUGH CHOICES FOR THE DEVELOPING WORLD Alternatives: immediate rewards  _______________  ___________  ‘Bush meat’  ______________  Vulnerability to _________

20. “Between 1997 and mid-2005, more than 73,733 animals passed through the Malabo bushmeat market, including 11, 994 monkeys.” TOUGH CHOICES FOR THE DEVELOPING WORLD

21. ACTIVITY: JOURNAL ENTRY