1. Enlightenment Thinkers
Directions: Use pgs to complete the graphic organizer. Summarize the important ideas of each
person below.
Hobbes
J. Locke
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Adam Smith
Rousseau
Rousseau put the common good over the interest of the individual. Do you agree with that position? Explain
The principles of checks & balances and separation of powers were put forward by
a. Montesquieu b. Rousseau c. Locke d. A. Smith
Voltaire was a philosopher who defended
a. freedom of press b. freedom of speech c. practice of slavery d. laissez-faire
Adam Smith tried to show that natural economic forces of supply & demand were linked to
a. profit & economic growth b. gov’t regulation c. taxes d. mercantilism
Speaker : All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to
protect these natural rights of its citizens. Who was the speaker of the passage above? a. Rousseau b. Hobbes c. Montesquieu d. Locke

2. Birth of American Republic
After 1763
1.____________
______________
1770
2.____________
______________
1773
3.____________
______________
April 1775
4.____________
______________
July 1776
5.____________
______________
1777
6.____________
______________
1781
7.____________
______________
1783
8.____________
______________
1787
9.____________
______________
1789
10.____________
______________
Influence on the Development of American Gov’t
Works & Ideas
Influence on American gov’t
John Locke
-People have ____________ ________, including life, liberty, & property.
-Gov’t is formed to protect people’s _________ __________
-People have a right to ______________ a gov’t if it violates people’s ____________ ___________ called social ____________.
-Basic rights are guaranteed in the ______ of _________
-Jefferson wrote the ________________ of _________________ reflecting ideas of Locke.
Baron de Montesquieu
Three Branches of Gov’t: a. b. c.
-checks and balances of gov’t
-___________ ___________ divides powers between federal gov’t & the states
-Separation of ___________
-checks & balances
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
-freely elected gov’t
-faith in the general ________
-control on people should be _____________
-the good of the community should be placed above ________________ interests.
-ideas helped spark resistance to British rule
English Gov’t
-___________ _________: limited power of the King, right to a trial, contract between King & aristocracy
-English Bill of Rights
-____________ of _________: could not house soldiers in someone’s home without permission
-Colonists had no representation in Parliament
-First 10 amendments to Constitution, also known as ________ of __________
-Representative gov’t

3. Name:___________________________________________ Date:________ Bill of Rights (1st 10 Amendments to the U.S. Constitution)
Directions: Draw a picture to represent each of the 1st 10 amendments
1st: Freedom of Speech, Press, Assembly & Petition
2nd: Right to Bear Arms
3rd: No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
4th:Protection from unreasonable search and seizure
5th: Provisions concerning Persecution (no double jeopardy, no self-incrimination, cannot be deprived on natural rights, cannot have private property taken away without compensation)
6th: Trial by jury and rights of the accused, speedy trial, right to counsel (lawyer)
7th: Trial by jury of peers
8th: No excessive bail; no cruel or unusual punishment
9th: Protection of rights for the people not described in the Constitution
10th: Powers not delegated to the federal gov’t are given to the states

4. Enlightenment Thinkers
Directions: Use pgs to complete the graphic organizer. Summarize the important ideas of each
person below.
Hobbes
People give up their rights for an organized society
J. Locke
-People form gov’t to protect their natural rights of life, liberty, and property
-Gov’t has an obligation to those it governs, & if the gov’t doesn’t then the people can overthrow the gov’t
Montesquieu
-separation of powers (legislative, executive, judicial)
-checks & balances
Voltaire
-attacked corrupt gov’t & inequality
-supported freedom of speech
Adam Smith
-wrote The Wealth of Nations
-believed in laissez faire
-free market should regulate business not gov’t
Rousseau
-advocated for the will of the majority & the common good; freely elected gov’t; gov’t control limited
Rousseau put the common good over the interest of the individual. Do you agree with that position? Explain
The principles of checks & balances and separation of powers were put forward by
a. Montesquieu b. Rousseau c. Locke d. A. Smith
Voltaire was a philosopher who defended
a. freedom of press b. freedom of speech c. practice of slavery d. laissez-faire
Adam Smith tried to show that natural economic forces of supply & demand were linked to
a. profit & economic growth b. gov’t regulation c. taxes d. mercantilism
Speaker : All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to
protect these natural rights of its citizens. Who was the speaker of the passage above? a. Rousseau b. Hobbes c. Montesquieu d. Locke

5. Birth of American Republic
After 1763
End of French
and Indian War;
British regulated
colonial trade &
levied new taxes
1770
2. 5 protesters
died in Boston
Massacre
1773
3. Colonist staged
Boston Tea party
To protest tax on
tea
April 1775
4. War erupted
between colonists
and Britain, shot
Fired at Lexington &
Concord
July 1776
5. Thomas Jefferson
wrote Declaration
Of Independence
1777
6. Turning pt. in
war, Battle of
Saratoga convinced
French to join
1781
7. British surrender
at Yorktown
1783
8. Treaty of
Paris signed
1787
9. Writing of
Constitution
in Philadelphia
1789
10. Constitution is ratified;
becomes law of the land
Influence on the Development of American Gov’t
Works & Ideas
Influence on American gov’t
John
Locke
-People have natural rights; including life, liberty, & property.
-Gov’t is formed to protect people’s
-People have a right to overthrow a gov’t if it violates people’s natural rights called social contract.
-Basic rights are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights
-Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence reflecting ideas of Locke.
Baron de
Montesquieu
Three Branches of Gov’t:
a. executive
b. legistative
c. Judicial
-checks and balances of gov’t
- Federal Republic divides powers between federal gov’t & the states
-Separation of powers
-checks & balances
Jean-Jacques
Rousseau
-freely elected gov’t
-faith in the general will
-control on people should be limited
-the good of the community should be placed above individual interests.
-ideas helped spark resistance to British rule
English
Gov’t
-Magna Carta: limited power of the King, right to a trial, contract between King & aristocracy
-English Bill of Rights
-Petition of Rights: could not house soldiers in someone’s home without permission
-Colonists had no representation in Parliament
-First 10 amendments to Constitution, also known as Bill of Rights
-Representative gov’t