1. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. earth.msscience.com Image Bank Foldables Video Clips and Animations Standardized Test Practice Chapter Review Questions Chapter Summary

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3. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Click on individual thumbnail images to view larger versions. Image Bank

4. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank To transfer images to your own power point follow the following steps: Open the “Resource” file from the CD-ROM disc – view the file in the “normal view” or “slide sorter view” mode - go to slide #2 – from there you can click through the images and follow these instructions. Click once on the image. Copy the image Go to your own power point document Paste the image. Transfer Images

5. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Latitude and Climate

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11. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Polar Bear

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24. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Classifying Climates Make the following Foldable to help you compare climatic types.

25. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Fold two pieces of paper lengthwise into thirds.

26. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Fold the papers widthwise into fourths.

27. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Unfold, lay the papers lengthwise, and draw lines along the folds as shown.

28. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Label your tables as shown.

29. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables As you read the chapter, define each type of climate and write notes on its weather characteristics. Make a Table

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32. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 1 1 An area’s climate is the average weather over a long period of time, such as 30 years. What is climate? The three main climate zones are tropical, polar, and temperate. Reviewing Main Ideas Features such as oceans, mountains, and even large cities affect climate.

33. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 2 2 Climates can be classified by various characteristics, such as temperature, precipitation, and vegetation. World climates commonly are separated to six major groups. Climate Types Organisms have structural and behavioral adaptations that help them survive in particular climates. Many organisms can survive only in the climate they are adapted to. Reviewing Main Ideas Adaptations develop in a population over a long period of time.

34. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 3 3 Seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth’s axis as Earth revolves around the Sun. Climate Changes El Niño disrupts normal temperature and precipitation patterns around the world. Reviewing Main Ideas Geological records show that over the past few million years, Earth’s climate has alternated between ice ages and warmer periods.

35. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 3 3 The greenhouse effect occurs when certain gases trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere. Climate Changes Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere when fossil fuels such as oil and coal are burned. Reviewing Main Ideas

36. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 1 How long is weather observed in order to determine climate type? A. 30 days B. 12 months C. 10 years D. 30 years

37. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is D. Climate is determined by averaging the weather of a region over a long period of time.

38. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 2 The region extending north from 66.5º N latitude is a __________. A. moderate climate B. polar zone C. temperate zone D. tropical region

39. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is B. The polar zones extend from 66.5º N and 66.5º S latitude to the poles.

40. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 3 What effect does a large body of water have on the temperatures of a coastal area?

41. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer Large bodies of water tend to cause temperatures in coastal areas to be warmer in winter and cooler in summer.

42. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 4 How do ocean currents affect climate? Answer If the currents are warm, they warm the land and air of the regions they pass. If they are cool, they tend to cool the air and land.

43. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 5 What do “windward and leeward” sides of a mountain mean?

44. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The windward side is the side a wind blows toward. The leeward side of a mountain is the side the wind blows away from.

45. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 1 Sydney, Australia is located at 34º S, 151º E. In what climatic zone is this city located in? A. aquatic B. polar C. temperate D. tropical

46. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is C. Temperate zones are found between the tropics and the polar zones.

47. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 2 A city located at 25º S latitude is closest to which of these on the map? A. A B. B C. C D. D

48. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is D. On this map, the line at D represents 23.5º S latitude.

49. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 3 Use the table to determine which city is located near a large body of water. CityAverage Daily Low Temperatures (°C) January Average Daily low Temperatures (°C) July A916 B-1222 C27 D529 A. A B. B C. C D. D

50. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. Coastal regions tend to be warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer.

51. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 4 At which location in Earth’s revolution is it summer in the northern hemisphere? A. A B. B C. C D. D

52. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. During the northern hemisphere summer, the north pole is tilted toward the Sun.

53. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 5 According to this graph, how many years ago was the amount of the Sun’s energy reaching Earth the highest? A. 25,000 B. 75,000 C. 130,000 D. 150,000

54. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is C. The highest peak on the graph is seen between the 150,000 and 100,000 years ago.

55. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. To advance to the next item or next page click on any of the following keys: mouse, space bar, enter, down or forward arrow. Click on this icon to return to the table of contents Click on this icon to return to the previous slide Click on this icon to move to the next slide Click on this icon to open the resources file. Help Click on this icon to go to the end of the presentation.

56. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. End of Chapter Resources File