2. The Water Cycle The Water Cycle Science 8 9/07

3. Water is a “universal solvent: and wherever it goes throughout the water cycle, it takes up valuable chemicals, minerals and nutrients. Water is a “universal solvent: and wherever it goes throughout the water cycle, it takes up valuable chemicals, minerals and nutrients.

4. Condensation The change from a gas a liquid In the water cycle, the change from water vapor to liquid.

5. Condensation & Convection Warm air rises Warm air rises Process known as CONVECTION Process known as CONVECTION

6. Condensation & Cloud Formation Cooling of water vapor forms CLOUDS Cooling of water vapor forms CLOUDS Other ways clouds are formed Other ways clouds are formed Convergence Convergence Lifting of air by fronts Lifting of air by fronts

7. Precipitation

8. Snow Snow is a type of precipitation like rain but at cooler temperatures Snow is a type of precipitation like rain but at cooler temperatures Usually reaches the ground and stays Usually reaches the ground and stays Eventually melts and becomes runoff in streams Eventually melts and becomes runoff in streams

9. Rain Rain Type of precipitation during warmer weather Type of precipitation during warmer weather Occurs when clouds become too full Occurs when clouds become too full Falls to earth in the form of water and runs off to streams & rivers Falls to earth in the form of water and runs off to streams & rivers

10. Freshwater Storage Freshwater Storage Water may be stored temporarily in the ground, oceans, lakes, rivers, and ion ice caps and glaciers.

11. The world’s two main reservoirs of fresh water are the great polar ice caps, and the ground. If all of the ice in the ice caps and other glaciers melted, it would raise the sea level by about 260 ft.

12. In temperate climates, water is found in depression storage or surface water puddles, ditches, and anywhere else that runoff water can gather. This is a temporary form of storage In temperate climates, water is found in depression storage or surface water puddles, ditches, and anywhere else that runoff water can gather. This is a temporary form of storage

13. Surface Runoff When precipitation rate exceeds infiltration rate, or when soil is saturated, water begins to move down slope on ground surface. When precipitation rate exceeds infiltration rate, or when soil is saturated, water begins to move down slope on ground surface.

14. Surface Runoff surface runoff gradually flows into gullies, streams, lakes, or rivers. Water in streams and rivers flows to the ocean, seeps into the ground, or evaporates back into the atmosphere. surface runoff gradually flows into gullies, streams, lakes, or rivers. Water in streams and rivers flows to the ocean, seeps into the ground, or evaporates back into the atmosphere.

15. Water Storage in Oceans

16. Evaporation Conversion of water from a liquid into a gas Water transferred from surface to atmosphere through evaporation

18. Evaporation & the Sun The sun heats up water in the ocean, rivers, or lakes, turning it into vapor, which then goes into the air

19. Evaporation Cont. 80% of evaporation from ocean 20% of evaporation from inland water and vegetation

20. Transpiration The process of evaporation from plants. Basically, plants sweating.