1. Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12 Anaerobic Energy systems

2. Today’s Objectives Correctly identify what ATP is Correctly describe how ATP is broken down and rebuilt Correctly describe the anaerobic energy systems that the body uses to reproduce ATP

3. Learning Outcome 2 pc (c) The function of the three energy systems is correctly outlined pc (d) The relationship between the cardio respiratory system and the three energy systems is accurately explained ENERGY

4. Energy Systems In order to perform any functions within our body, we require energy The food that we eat contains energy rich substances, which we use to provide us with energy The energy from this food is used in order to ‘recycle’ a substance called ATP, which is essential for the energy process ATP is found naturally in our bodies and is stored in our muscles

5. Energy Systems The four main components from our diet and the environment that we need to make ATP and get energy for sport and fitness are; –Carbohydrates –Fats –Protein –Oxygen

6. Energy Systems ATP = Adenosine Tri Phosphate 1 Adenosine Molecule joined to three Phosphate molecules This is what an ATP molecule looks like: iii

7. Energy Systems The body uses various methods in order to produce more ATP The reason we need to produce it is so that we can break it down to release the energy stored within it We need access to this energy to be able to do muscular contractions iii

8. Energy Systems The reason we require to rebuild this ATP is because there is a limited supply in the muscles In order to rebuild ATP we require energy (from food) and a free phosphate (Pi) molecule

9. Chemical Cycle for Making and Breaking ATP (Breaking):- ATP ADP + Pi + energy (Making):- ADP + Pi + energy ATP (ADP = Adenosine Di Phosphate)

10. Energy Systems The ATP stored in the muscles is limited and only provides enough energy to work for around 1-2 seconds What must we do now in order to continue moving? Make more (resynthesise) ATP

11. Energy Systems The body has three energy systems which will replenish our ATP/energy supply The three energy systems are;  ATP – PC System (Anaerobic)  Lactic Acid System (Anaerobic)  Aerobic System (Aerobic)

12. Aerobic and Anaerobic Aerobic; with oxygen Anaerobic; without oxygen The aerobic energy systems require oxygen to make more ATP The anaerobic energy systems make more ATP without using oxygen

13. Chemical Cycle for ATP-PC System ATP ADP + Pi + energy (muscle contraction) PC P + C + energy ADP + Pi + energy ATP

14. ATP-PC System PC = Phosphocreatine PC is stored in the muscle cells PC is broken down to release energy which can only be used to attach the free phosphate back on to ADP  ATP This system is anaerobic as no oxygen is required and is used during high intensity exercise This supply of energy last about 10 seconds It takes around 2 minutes to replace the stores of PC once they have all been used, assuming oxygen is available

15. Task In your small groups write down as many activities / sports / exercises that you think will be powered by the ATP-PC system 2-10 secs Very High intensity ATP → ADP + Pi + energy PC → P + C + energy ADP + Pi + energy → Limited ATP

16. ATP-PC System Activities that would use this system include; Sprinting (100m) Throwing (Javelin, Discus, Hammer) Jumping (High Jump, Diving) Hitting (Golf, Baseball) Weightlifting (Clean and Press) Providing energy to start exercise after a rest

17. Energy Systems If you want to continue movement once the PC stores have run out, and the ATP- PC system can no longer help the muscles require to get energy from elsewhere The next energy system used is called the Lactic Acid System which can also be known as Anaerobic Glycolysis ENERGY

18. Lactic Acid System (Anaerobic Glycolysis) Glycogen Glucose + energy ADP + Pi + energy ATP Glucose Pyruvic Acid Lactic Acid

19. Lactic Acid System Glycogen is the stored form of carbohydrates Glycogen can be stored in the liver and in the muscles The process of breaking down glycogen is called Glycolysis This system is anaerobic as no oxygen is required and is used in mod/high intensity ex This supply of energy lasts from 10 secs up till 2 or 3 mins

20. Lactic Acid System The main problem with this system is the production of Lactic Acid which causes the muscle to fatigue Depending on the intensity and the athlete’s ability to withstand lactic acid Full recovery from this system can take up to an hour if there is oxygen available

21. Task In your small groups write down as many activities / sports / exercises that you think will be powered by the Lactic Acid system 10 secs – 2/3 mins High intensity ATP → ADP + Pi + energy PC → P + C + energy ADP + Pi + energy → Limited ATP

22. Lactic Acid System Activities that would use this system include; 200m/400m/800m run 100m swim Sprint finish of a 5,000m race

23. Anaerobic Summary  1-2 secs ATP in Muscles  2-10 secs ATP – PC System  10 secs – 2/3 minsLactic Acid System

24. You Should Now Be Able To; Identify what ATP is Describe how ATP is broken down and rebuilt Describe the anaerobic energy systems that the body uses to reproduce ATP