1. Chapter 9 &10 Formation of Europe and the Middle Ages

2. Chapter 9; Section 1

3. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe was divided into smaller what? German States

4. Who was the first German king to convert to Christianity? Clovis Thus creating a very strong tie between kings and the Roman Catholic Church Kingdom of the Franks was one of the largest and most powerful.

5. Under Germanic Law what is the term that refers to an amount that has to be paid by a wrongdoer? Wergild

6. Which people group did the Frankish kings give land to, then convert them to Christianity? Vikings

7. The leader of the Roman Catholic Church was called ______ from the Latin word papa meaning “father”. Pope

8. Who expanded the Frankish kingdom and restored the glory of the conquered Roman Empire? Charlemagne A.K.A. Charles the Great

9. Chapter 9; Section 2 Feudalism

10. Vikings terrorized Europe until a German king gave them land in France now know as? Normandy

11. Because of safety many people turned to local nobles to protect them which began the social system known as? Feudalism

12. Know the parts of the Feudal system. Kings, Lords, Knights, Vassals, fief, feudal contract.

13. What was the most important gift a Lord could give a vassal? Fief Land

14. What is the concept of civilized behavior endorsed by the Catholic church? Chivalry

15. Chapter 9; Section 3 Growth of European Kingdoms

16. Who established the Kingdom of England? William of Normandy AKA William the Conqueror

17. What English document limited the king’s powers and protected noble’s rights? Magna Carta (Great Charter)

18. The Magna Carta was signed by what English King? King John

19. Chapter 9; Section 4 Byzantine Empire and Crusades

20. Constantinople What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?

21. Justinian

22. Body of Civil Law

23. Hagia Sophia

24. Icons

25. Excommunicated The leaders of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church excommunicated each other.

26. Schism

27. Pope Urban II called for a “holy war” also known as…? Crusade Purpose was to regain the holy lands (Jerusalem) which was lost to Muslim invaders.

28. What famous English king lead the third Crusade? Richard the Lion - Hearted

29. What was the result of the 4 th Crusade? Instead of recapturing the Holy Land the Christian warriors invaded the Christian city of Constantinople.

30. What was the name for the Spanish Crusade? Reconquista

31. Chapter 10; Section 1 Peasants, Trade, and Cities

32. Peasants legally bound to work land became known as? Serfs

33. What was the name for an association of people with the same occupation? Guild Know the levels  Apprentice  Journeymen  Master

34. What system allowed manors to produce more food? 3 Field System

35. Chapter 10; Section 2 Medieval Christianity The church realized the need to be independent from the different lords operating in Europe, and so you begin so see the emergence of the power of the church.

36. What was the tribunal held by the church to suppress heresy? Inquisition

37. Chapter 10; Section 3 Culture of the Middle Ages

38. Architecture of this time is described how? Gothic

39. What is the name for men who tried to reconcile faith and reason. Scholastics The movement is known as scholasticism

40. Name the scholar who argued that religious truths could be proved by logical argument. Thomas Aquinas

41. Chapter 10; Section 4 The Late Middle Ages

42. What was the name of the disease that wiped out half of the European population. Bubonic Plague Black Death

43. Struggles between states and the church led to what event? The Great Schism Two popes appointed at the same time. Both fought for power and influence.

44. Who called for an end to church corruption and was killed on charges of heresy? John Hus

45. What war was started as a result of the death of the king without a successor? Hundred Year’s War

46. What French warrior felt “moved by God to rescue France from its English conquerors? Joan of Arc

47. Political stability returned as power became more centralized and these states became referred to as? New Monarchies