1. Questions of the Day (From notes last night) 1. What was the goal of the Counter or Catholic Reformation? Describe this movement. 2. Who was Ignatius of Loyola and what Catholic religious order did he found? 3. What were the three activities that the religious order of Ignatius of Loyola focused on? 4. What were four doctrines that the Council of Trent agreed on? 5. Name two religious and social effects of the Reformation. 6. Name two political effects of the Reformation 6. Name two political effects of the Reformation.

2. Essential Questions Did the Protestant Reformation accomplish what it set out to do? Was the Catholic Reformation successful?

3. The Catholic Reformation Movement to help Catholics remain loyal –Once referred to as the Counter Reformation Appealed to emotional & personal spirituality of people How had the Church been changing throughout the Middle Ages? Friars Roman Catholic v. Eastern Orthodox Lay investiture

4. Ignatius of Loyola Wrote book Spiritual Exercises on plan of meditation, prayer, & study Religious order known as the Society of Jesus - Members were known as Jesuits

5. Jesuits Focused on 3 activities: 1) founded schools 2) convert non-Christians to Catholicism 3) stop spread of Protestantism

6. Jesuits & Baroque Style Façade of the Church of the Gesù, the first truly baroque façade. Baroque church in India Santa Susanna in Rome, Italy Use of light & dark Front façade has central projection One main gathering that focuses on the high altar

7. Reforming Popes Paul III (pope 1534-1549) - directed council of cardinals to investigate Church abuses (i.e. indulgences) - approved the Jesuit order - used the Inquisition to seek out heresy - called meeting known as the Council of Trent

8. Council of Trent Catholic bishops & cardinals agreed on several doctrines 1) Church’s interpretation of Bible was final 2) Needed both faith & good works for salvation (not faith alone) 3) Bible & Church tradition were equally powerful authorities 4) Indulgences were valid expressions of faith

9. Pope Paul IV Carried out decrees of Council of Trent “Index of Forbidden Books” – list of books dangerous to Catholicism Books burned in bonfires

10. Consequences of the Reformation Religious & Social Effects Protestantism flourished Roman Catholic Church unified Emphasis on education to promote beliefs Status of women improved to an extent (while still very limited) Political Effects Monarchs & states gained power - development of modern nation-states - led to later exploration & expansion Conflict  Thirty Years’ War Questioning of beliefs led to Enlightenment

11. Essential Questions Did the Protestant Reformation accomplish what it set out to do? Was the Catholic Reformation successful?