1. Stem Cell Science A brief update 9/10/08 Gerry Maxwell

3. Jaenisch and Young 2008 Cell 132:567-582.

4. Jaenisch and Young 2008 Cell 132:567-582

5. I. Park and G.Q. Daley 2007 Nature Cell biology 9: 871-873.

6. Jaenisch and Young 2008 Cell 132:567-582

7. Kinetics of reprogramming Reprogramming using virally encoded transcription factors in vitro takes many days and not all markers of pluripotency are activated together In addition, it appears that stochastic events are involved in reprogramming because clonally derived cells do not reprogram in a synchronous fashion

8. Creation of Patient Specific Cell Lines Originally published in Science Express on 31 July 2008 Science 29 August 2008: Vol. 321. no. 5893, pp. 1218 - 1221 DOI: 10.1126/science.1158799 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generated from Patients with ALS Can Be Differentiated into Motor Neurons John T. Dimos,1* Kit T. Rodolfa,1,2* Kathy K. Niakan,1 Laurin M. Weisenthal,1 Hiroshi Mitsumoto,3,4 Wendy Chung,4,5 Gist F. Croft,4,6 Genevieve Saphier,1 Rudy Leibel,5 Robin Goland,7 Hynek Wichterle,4,6 Christopher. Henderson,4,6 Kevin E Eggan1

9. In vivo reprogramming of adult pancreatic exocrine cells to  cells Zhou,Brown, Kanareck, Rajagopal, and Melton 2008 Nature 07134

10. Q Zhou et al. Nature 000, 1-6 (2008) doi:10.1038/nature07314 A combination of three transcription factors induces insulin + cells in adult mouse pancreas in vivo.

11. Q Zhou et al. Nature 000, 1-6 (2008) doi:10.1038/nature07314 Induced new b-cells remodel vasculature and ameliorate hyperglycaemia.

12. Characteristics of in vivo reprogramming Like in vitro the inducing factors are only required transiently Does not appear to require cell division Occurs as early as 3 days-faster than in vitro (7- 30 days in vitro) Efficiency is up to 20%- much higher than in vitro Does not appear to involve dedifferentiation as does in vitro reprogramming