1. Chapter 16 Nutrition and Aging: The Adult Years

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Kcaloric restriction may increase life span by all of the following except: a)
increasing the inflammatory response of the immune system b)
causing low level stress and thus enhancing the animal's coping mechanisms c)
reducing blood glucose and insulin d)
limiting oxidative damage a
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3. Keeping Older Adults Healthy
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By 2030 it is projected that nearly _____ of the US population will be over 65. a) 5% b)
10% c)
20% d)
30% c
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5. Life Expectancy in the United States
What is morbidity vs mortality?
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6. How Long Can You Expect to be Healthy?
The avg life expectance is 77 in the US. The healthy lifespan is 69 years
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What Causes Aging?
A hypothesis that has emerged to explain aging is termed “programmed cell death.” This theory proposes that genes determine the life span of cells; aging occurs as cells die
As organisms become older, the number of cells they contain decreases and the function of the remaining cells declines.
As tissues and organs lose cells, the ability of the organism to maintain homeostasis decreases.
Loss of cells occurs throughout life but is not felt for a long time, as organisms begin with reserve capacity.
In young adults, the reserve capacity of organs is four to ten times that required to sustain life.
As a person ages, reserve capacity decreases and the effects of aging become evident.
the fact that cells in the laboratory will divide only a certain number of times before they die.
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What Causes Aging?
The wear and tear hypothesis proposes that aging is the result of an accumulation of cellular damage.
Damage to cells may contribute to aging. Which of the following is a possible source of cell damage?
A) errors in DNA synthesis
B) free radicals
C) elevated glucose levels
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9. What Affects the Rate of Aging?
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10. Nutrient Needs for Older Adults
Older adults compare to younger need: less total energy, similar protein (ie.still relative to lean body weight), fat and carbohydrate; slightly less fiber; more B6, B12, calcium, vitamin D and less iron. Supplementation of calcium and vitamin D may be needed as they are difficult to obtain in the diet; B12 is also a possibility.
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11. Factors that Increase the Risk of Malnutrition
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12. Consequences of Malnutrition
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13. Physiological Changes that Occur with Aging
It is difficult to determine which changes that occur as we age are inevitable and which can be attributed to disease states. Some of the changes seen in aging can include:
Sensory decline
Macular degeneration
Cataracts
Periodontal disease
Atrophic gastritis
Decline in size and functioning of liver and kidneys
Increase in body fat, decrease in lean body tissue
Reduced hormone levels
Decrease in mobility
Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease
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Decreased physical activity is estimated to account for ___ of the decrease in total energy expenditure that occurs with aging.
10%
25%
33%
50% d
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15. Nutrient and Drug Interactions
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16. Nutrient and Drug Interactions
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17. Keeping Older Adults Healthy
There are a variety of social and economic changes that often accompany aging. These factors are interrelated and can affect nutritional status by decreasing the motivation to shop for, prepare and enjoy food and beverages.
These changes can include:
Income level
Dependent living
Depression
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18. Keeping Older Adults Healthy
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The recommendations for fat and protein in older adults
reflect their decreased ability to digest and absorb it.
reflect their decreased ability to metabolize fat and protein.
are very strict because of the decreased energy requirement.
are the same proportions and types of dietary fats and proteins as for younger adults. d
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The nutrient needs of the elderly remain the same although their energy needs decrease. Because of this, the best advice for them is to
eat larger portions of food
consume a more nutrient dense diet
eat less and exercise more
eat more concentrated sweets
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21. Physical Activity for Older Adults
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22. Warning Signs of Malnutrition in Older Adults: DETERMINE
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The DETERMINE checklist is most likely used to:
assess the nutritional risk of malnutrition in older adults
confirm that there is no adverse interaction between food and prescription medication for an older adult
decide if an older person should be hospitalized when they are ill
qualify recipients for food stamps a
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24. National Nutrition Programs for Older Adults
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Chapter 16
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